甘南高寒湿地草地放牧系统管理的AHP决策分析及生态恢复对策

以甘南玛曲县的高寒湿地为研究对象，系统探讨了湿地植被退化及土地沙漠化的主要动因及其时空变化特征。采用多层次的AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)决策模型，对导致湿地植被退化的主要因素及诸种恢复措施综合效果进行了管理决策分析。结果表明：引发湿地植被退化的诸因素中，长期超载放牧和鼠害、虫害是其主要因素，其权重分别为0．4995和0．2684；在湿地恢复的诸管理措施中，围栏轮牧和建植人工草地或半人工草地的综合效果显著，其组合权重分别为0．2584和0．2009。基于上述分析，提出了湿地生态恢复与可持续利用的主要管理对策。

Analysis of AHP strategic decision for grazing management system and ecological restoration in the alpine wetland at Gannan in Gansu

The paper probes the primary dynamic reason for the degeneration of vegetation and the forming of sandy soil, and its characteristic of varied time-space distribution taking the pasture in the alpine wetland at Maqu in Gannan as the research object. Based on the multi-hierarchy AHP strategic decision model, the primary factor leading to the degeneration of vegetation in the alpine wetland and the effect of managerial measure were systematically analyzed. The result shows: long-term overload herd, mouse and insect pest are the main factor leading to degeneration and sandy soil, the weights of which are 0.499 5 and 0.268 4 respectively; among the strategic measures of management, enclosing pasture for rotation of herding and building artificial pasture have a significant effect, the combination weight of which is 0.258 4 and 0.200 9. Based on the analysis, the paper put forward the strategic decision of sustainable development and ecological restoration in the alpine wetland management .