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土壤自然干旱处理对钩藤生长与生理特征及主要药用成分积累的影响
引用本文:张智仙,王晓红,李 雪,张明生.土壤自然干旱处理对钩藤生长与生理特征及主要药用成分积累的影响[J].西北植物学报,2020,40(4):658-666.
作者姓名:张智仙  王晓红  李 雪  张明生
作者单位:(贵州大学 生命科学学院, 山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025)
基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502604);
摘    要:以一年生钩藤实生苗为试材,通过连续土壤控水12 d盆栽试验,研究持续性土壤自然干旱对钩藤幼苗生长、抗逆生理指标及其主要药用成分含量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,钩藤根和茎叶生物量以及叶片相对含水量(RWC)显著持续下降(P0.05),而根冠比、叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量及相对电导率(REC)逐渐升高。(2)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,钩藤叶片叶绿素a、b含量先增高后下降,叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降,且POD活性最先达到峰值,CAT活性增幅最大;叶片中脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量逐渐升高,且Pro表现出更强的渗透调节能力。(3)钩藤幼苗叶片、主茎和带钩茎枝中钩藤碱与异钩藤碱含量随着干旱胁迫时间的延长而呈先增高后下降的趋势,响应时间先后顺序依次为叶片、主茎、带钩茎枝,生物碱含量由高到低依次为带钩茎枝、叶片、主茎。研究发现,在土壤持续自然干旱条件下,钩藤幼苗生长受到一定影响,但植株能通过提高其抗氧化酶活性和积累渗透调节物质来提高吸水和保水能力,有效抵御干旱逆境;且土壤自然干旱胁迫4~8 d有利于主要药效成分钩藤碱与异钩藤碱的积累;土壤相对含水量在42%~53%时,钩藤幼苗耐旱性较强且钩藤碱与异钩藤碱含量较高。

关 键 词:钩藤  土壤干旱  渗透调节物质  抗氧化酶  生物碱

Effect of Soil Natural Drought on Growth, Physiological Characteristics and Accumulation of Main Medicinal Components of Uncaria rhynchophylla
ZHANG Zhixian,WANG Xiaohong,LI Xue,ZHANG Mingsheng.Effect of Soil Natural Drought on Growth, Physiological Characteristics and Accumulation of Main Medicinal Components of Uncaria rhynchophylla[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2020,40(4):658-666.
Authors:ZHANG Zhixian  WANG Xiaohong  LI Xue  ZHANG Mingsheng
Abstract:We studied the effect of continuous soil natural drought on the growth, physiological indexes of stress tolerance and the contents of main medicinal components of Uncaria rhynchophylla seedlings by pot experiment of soil water control for 12 days. The results showed that: (1) with the extension of drought stress time, the biomass of roots, stems and leaves and the relative water content (RWC) of leaves decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the content of MDA and the relative electrical conductivity (REC) increased gradually. (2) Along with the time of drought stress extended, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves increased firstly and then decreased. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased firstly and then decreased. The activity of POD firstly reached the peak, and the increase of CAT activity was the largest. The contents of proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) in leaves increased gradually, and Pro showed stronger osmotic regulation ability. (3) The contents of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in leaves, main stems and branches of U.rhynchophylla seedlings increased firstly and then decreased with the extension of drought stress time. The response time in order was leaves, main stems and branches with hooks. The alkaloid content in order was branches with hooks, leaves and main stems from high to low. It was found that the growth of U. rhynchophylla seedlings was affected by the continuous natural drought in the soil, but the plants could improve their water absorption and retention capacity by increasing their antioxidant enzyme activity and accumulation of osmoregulation substances to resist the drought stress effectively. In addition, the 4th-8th day of drought was beneficial to the accumulation of the main medicinal components, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline. Generally speaking, when the relative water content of soil was 42%-53%, U. rhynchophylla had stronger drought resistance and higher contents of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline.
Keywords:Uncaria rhynchophylla  soil drought  osmotic adjustment substance  antioxidant enzyme  alkaloids
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