芦荟属3种植物不同叶龄、不同部位叶内蒽醌类物质含量及其变化的研究

用植物化学技术研究了3种芦荟属植物不同叶龄和不同部位叶中蒽醌类物质的含量及其变化。结果表明，被研究的芦荟属3种植物叶中主含的蒽醌类物质有：芦荟素或高那特芦荟素，芦荟宁和芦荟苦素。其中，中华芦荟和木立芦荟主含芦荟素；海莱芦荟主含高那特芦荟素。叶各部位详细分析的结果表明，蒽醌类物质在植株上部的嫩叶中的含量要高于下部老叶；同一叶中，叶尖高于叶中部，叶基含量最低；而叶缘含量高于叶的中央部分。在同一叶的横切面上，蒽醌类物质的含量在维管柬区最高，同化薄壁组织部分次之，储水组织部分最低。芦荟属植物在同一个植物体不同的叶之间，以及同一叶不同的位置间有规律的累积蒽醌类物质有重要的生物学意义。它是保证芦荟属植物在原产地的干旱和半干旱生活环境中得以良好生存的适应反应和化学防御机制。

Comparative and the correlative studies on the structure and the content of anthraquinones in 3 Aloe leaves

In this study, we systematically investigated the different content of anthraquinones in 3 Aloe plants of different ages and leaf parts. TLC analysis demonstrated that the content of four metabolites, barbaloin, homonataloin, aloenin and and 3 isomers of aloeresin were found in 3 Aloe species. Barbaloin are mainly found in A. vera L. var. chinensis and A. arborescens leaves. Homonataloin mainly exists in A. hereroensis . Our results have proved that the content of these four metabolites is dependent on different leaf parts and ages. The highest content was found in the top part of the young leaves, the lowest was in the basal parts of old leaves. The content of the side of a leaf is higher than in the central part of a leaf. In the same section of a leaf the area of vascular bundles has the highest content, the aquiferous tissue has the lowest and the chlorenchyma has intermediate. By comparison of the content changes of the four metabolites in different leaf parts and ages, we found that there are a significant chemical defence strategy in protecting themselves from eating by animals and hurt by strong sunlight.