石松类卷柏科地史时期和现代地理分布格局的形成

卷柏科仅含一属，全球分布，具有宽幅生态适应性，属于维管植物基部类群石松类植物，现生约700种。卷柏科起源于泥盆纪，化石记录遍布自石炭纪至今的各地质时期。目前，现代卷柏属亚属的分类方案基本稳定，但对于化石卷柏的亚属分类、以及地质历史时期的时空分布问题还缺乏相关研究。本文全面总结了卷柏科化石记录的时代和地理分布，并结合分子系统学探讨其地理分布格局的演化，为该科植物的分类与进化研究提供参考。根据现有研究基础，结合最新的卷柏科系统分类研究成果和化石记录，本文对该类群化石的系统分类进行归纳和厘定，并对化石类群的卷柏亚属Selaginella、Hexaphyllum亚属及rhizophoric clade物种的分化和地理分布格局的形成进行了讨论。本文认为，卷柏科起源于古生代的欧美植物区，不晚于二叠纪，其后伴随着泛大陆解体扩散至华夏植物区及冈瓦纳植物区。化石亚属Hexaphyllum是rhizophoric clade的基部类群，在石炭纪末灭绝。化石证据表明，从古生代末期起，rhizophoric clade已成为卷柏科的优势类群，并在中生代形成了全球分布的格局。

The Formation of Geological Period and Modern Geographical Distribution Pattern of Lycophyte Selaginellaceae

Selaginellaceae is a monotypic lycophyte family. The genus Selaginella contains about 700 extant species distributed all over the world. Selaginellaceae originated in the Devonian period, and the fossil record covers various geological periods from the Carboniferous period to the present. Several infrageneric systems of modern Selaginella have been proposed, however, research on the classification and geological history of Selaginellaceae fossils is still lacking. In the present review, time and geographical distribution of the fossil records were summarized, and the evolution and formation of the geographical distribution pattern were discussed in combination with molecular systematic studies, providing a reference for the taxonomic and evolution studies of Selaginella. Based on the latest taxonomy and the fossil records, we summarized and determined the systematic taxonomy of fossils, and discussed the differentiation and geographical distribution of subgenus Selaginella, subgenus Hexaphyllum and the rhizophoric clade. We concluded that Selaginellaceae originated in the Paleozoic Euramerican floral realm not later than the Permian, and spread to the Cathaysian and Gondwana floral realms along with the splitting of Pangea. The fossil subgenus Hexaphyllum is the basal group of the rhizophoric clade, which became extinct at the end of the Carboniferous. Fossil evidence shows that since the end of the Paleozoic, the rhizophoric clade might have become the dominant group of Selaginellaceae, and formed a global distribution pattern in the Mesozoic.