龙葵腺毛发育的细胞学研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术，观察了龙葵“四叶一心”期时叶片及茎表皮的腺毛的种类、分布，探究了不同类型腺毛的起源、生长、成熟、分泌、衰老等发育过程的细胞学特征；通过组织化学染色和荧光显微技术，观察了龙葵腺毛成分、分布，为龙葵的进一步开发利用提供参考。结果表明：（1）龙葵腺毛分为单细胞头腺毛和多细胞头腺毛两类，前者主要分布于茎表面和叶上下表皮，后者主要分布于茎表面的单细胞头腺毛之间、叶脉及叶边缘；（2）龙葵腺毛发育起始于表皮细胞突起，单细胞头腺毛行顶端生长，具1-4个柄细胞，四种类型；多细胞头腺毛可再分为一层、两层与三层多细胞头腺毛，另具三种特殊类型；（3）龙葵成熟腺毛具分泌能力，通过皮下空间的物质积累导致腺毛头细胞表面形成突起、包块、破口，最终释放分泌物；而头细胞与柄细胞随即皱缩、衰老。（4）超微结构显示，腺毛头细胞中内质网与高尔基体极为丰富，合成代谢及分泌活动活跃，产生大量包裹嗜锇物质的囊泡，囊泡与细胞壁融合，进而将嗜锇物质转移至细胞壁并积累，随后储存在角质层下的皮下空间直至分泌释放；（5）组织化学染色结果表明，腺毛含有萜类、生物碱、脂类、蛋白质、酚类和多糖。头细胞中主要含有萜类、生物碱、脂类、蛋白质、酚类和中性多糖；柄细胞中主要含有萜类、生物碱、脂类。

Studies on Cytology of Glandular Trichomes of the Solanum nigrum L.

The species and distribution of glandular trichome in leaves and stem epidermis of sunflower were observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, and the cytological characteristics of the origin, growth, maturation, secretion and senescence of different types of glandular hair were investigated. The composition and distribution of glandular trichome of Solanum nigrum L. were observed by histochemical staining and fluorescence microscopy, which provided reference for further development and utilization of Solanum nigrum L. The results showed that: (1) There were two types of glandular trichomes: unicellular glandular trichomes and multicellular glandular trichomes. The former mainly distributed on the stem surface and the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves, while the latter mainly distributed between the unicellular glandular trichomes on the stem surface, the veins and the edges of the leaves. (2) The development of glandular trichome of nightshade starts from the process of epidermal cell, single-celled head glandular hair grows at the top, with 1-4 stalks and four types; The multicellular head hair can be divided into one layer, two layer and three layer multicellular head trichome, and there are three special types. (3) The mature glandular trichomes of Solanum nigrum L. have secretory ability, and protrusion, mass and break are formed on the surface of glandular trichome cells through the accumulation of substances in the subcutaneous space, and secretions are finally released; The head cells and stalk cells then shrink and age. (4) Ultrastructure showed that the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus were extremely abundant in glandular trichome cells, and anabolic and secretory activities were active, resulting in a large number of vesicles containing osmophilic substances, which fused with the cell wall, and then transferred the osmophilic substances to the cell wall and accumulated, and then stored in the subcutaneous space under the stratum corneum until secretion and release; (5) Histochemical staining results showed that glandular trichome contained terpenoids, alkaloids, lipids, proteins, phenols and polysaccharides. The head cells mainly contain terpenoids, alkaloids, lipids, proteins, phenols and neutral polysaccharides. The stem cells mainly contain terpenoids, alkaloids and lipids.