保墒灌溉对渠灌类型区冬小麦产量构成及生理特性的影响

以传统耕作栽培方式为对照,研究了5种保墒灌溉栽培方式下冬小麦产量构成的差异,并对冬小麦灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量、MDA含量、SOD含量、水分利用效率进行了研究。结果显示:不同保墒灌溉栽培方式对冬小麦均有增产作用,平均增产13.46%,穗长平均增加7.15%,不孕小穗数平均降低21.78%,结实小穗平均增加11.42%,穗粒数平均增加10.82%,千粒重平均增加11.05%。保墒灌溉栽培方式的冬小麦灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量降低减缓,MDA含量降低、SOD含量增高,水分利用效率平均提高24.03%。结果表明,以免耕留茬方式增产幅度最大,水分利用效率最高。

Effects of Moisture-retaining Irrigation on Yield Composition and Physiological Characters of Winter Wheat in Canal Irrigation Region

The study investigated the yield-compositions of winter wheat and chlorophyll contents,MDA and SOD contents in the flag leaves and water use efficiencies of winter wheat at the kernel-filling stage under the farming practices adopting five modes of moisture-retaining irrigation with the yield composition of winter wheat under conventional farming practice as the controls.It was shown that all the farming practices adopting the five modes of moisture-retaining irrigation increased the yield of winter wheat by(13.46)% on average and the spike length by 7.15% on average,and decreased the aborted spikelets by(21.78)% on average,increased the fruiting spikelets by 11.42% on average and the kernels per spike by(10.82)% on average and the 1 000-kernel weight by 11.05% on average.The farming practices adopting the modes of moisture-retaining irrigation slowed down the decrease in chlorophyll content decreased the MDA content and increased the SOD content in the flag leaves of winter wheat at the kernelfilling stage and raised the water use efficiency by 24.03% on average.These indicated that the highest yield increment and the highest water use efficiency appeared under the no-tillage and stubble-retained farming practice.