中国骨干玉米自交系抗旱性分析与评价

在新疆典型干旱、半干旱地区,通过玉米自交系的14个主要产量性状对干旱胁迫的响应特征进行分析,用主成分分析法筛选其抗旱性的主要鉴定指标,并采用抗旱系数和抗旱指数对自交系的抗旱性进行聚类分析,综合评价47份自交系的抗旱性。结果显示:(1)干旱导致玉米自交系株高、穗位高、叶绿素含量降低,果穗短小,秃尖增大,穗行数和行粒数减小,千粒重和穗粒重降低,最终造成产量下降。(2)各自交系抗旱性强弱与干旱条件下的穗粒重、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重、株高、穗位高、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、叶绿素含量等性状具有较密切的关系,其中抗旱性表现较好的自交系是掖52106、英64、478等,其次是Mo17Ht、Mo17、丹340、郑58、X178、C103等。研究表明,在育种实践中,田间自交系抗旱性筛选应以穗粒重、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重、株高、穗位高、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、叶绿素含量等为主要指标,并结合产量抗旱系数、抗旱指数对自交系抗旱性进行综合评价。

Analysis and Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Elite Maize Inbred Lines in China

In the typical arid and semiarid region of Xinjiang,we screened maize drought resistance identification of effective evaluation index by analyzing response characteristics and principal component of 14 traits.We used the method of drought resistance coefficient and drought resistance index to clustering analysis,to comprehensive evaluate drought resistance of 47 inbred lines by their combination.The results showed as the following:(1)Under water stress,plant height,ear height,chlorophyll content decreased,ear became shorter and smaller,bare top became longer,kernels number and ear rows became less,1000-kernels weight and ear grain weight was reduced,which leaded to yield decline.(2)The drought-resistant ability was greatly related with the characters expression under water stress,such as ear grain weight,ear diameter,kernels number,1000-kernels weight,plant height,ear height,ear length,bare top,ear rows,chlorophyll content etc.The higher drought resistance of inbred lines was Ye52106 and Ying 64 and 478.The second was Mo17Ht,Mo17,Dan 340,Zheng 58,X178,C103 etc.In breeding practice,ear grain weight,ear diameter,kernels number,1000-kernels weight,plant height,ear height,ear length,bare top,ear rows,chlorophyll content can be considered as an effective index for screening of drought resistance identification on field.It combined with drought resistance coefficient and drought resistance index to make comprehensive evaluation of inbred lines.