药用植物内生真菌及活性物质多样性研究进展

药用植物具有丰富的物种多样性,是人类生存与发展的重要自然资源。内生真菌广泛存在于健康植物组织内部,是植物微生态系统的重要组成部分,各种药用植物中蕴藏着非常丰富的内生真菌。通过与药用植物的“协同进化”,某些内生真菌具有了产生与宿主植物相同或相似的生物活性物质的能力。内生真菌产生的各种活性物质,在生物制药、农业生产、工业发酵等方面都表现出美好的应用前景,受到世界各国专家的广泛关注。利用内生真菌发酵实现生物活性物质的工业化生产,可以提高产量、降低产品成本,满足人们日益增长的需求;同时有利于珍稀、濒危药用植物资源的保护,对减少野生药用植物多样性的破坏具有重要意义。本文从药用植物内生真菌物种多样性与产生生物活性物质多样性等方面总结近年最新的研究进展,提出了内生真菌及活性物质研究的未来发展方向。

Research Advances in the Diversities of Endophytic Fungi in Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Ingredients

Medicinal plants,which are of rich species diversity,are important natural resources for human existence and development.Endophytic fungi,widely existing inside the tissues of healthy plants,are important components of plant micro-ecosystems and various medicinal plants are rich in endophytic fungi.Co-evolving with medicinal plants,some endophytic fungi have developed the abilities to produce same or similar bioactive substances as or to what their host plants produce.Various bioactive substances that endophytic fungi have showed a bright prospect in biological pharmaceutical production,agricultural production,industrial fermentation thereby attracting extensive interest from experts of various countries in the world.The industrial productions of bioactive substances that make use of endophytic fungi are capable of increasing their yields and lowering their productive costs and thus conducive to satisfying people's ever-increasing demands.In the meantime,it is conducive to the conservation of precious and endangerd medicinal plants and of great importance in avoiding the damage to the diversity of wild medicinal plants.The paper summarizes latest research advances in terms of the diversity of endophytic fungi and their bioactive substances,and points out the directions for studying endopytic fungi and their bioactive substances.