非充分灌溉及其生理基础

介绍了非充分灌溉的概念及内涵,主要阐述了在非充分灌溉条件下,作物体内产生的适应性生理反应,经非充分灌溉及轻度干旱处理,作物气孔阻力增加,蒸腾失水减少,作物水分散失对气孔开度的依赖性大于光合对其的依赖性。可通过气孔调节作物光合与水分的关系,最终提高作物的水分利用效率;有限度的水分亏缺,有利于同化物向籽粒调运,利用^14CO2标记研究表明,生长后期水分亏缺下,小麦体内存在对花前营养器官“临时库”同化物的再动员和对产量的补偿机制;适度水分亏缺促进了小麦等作物初生根的生长发育,增加深层土壤中的根系与根系活性,防止后期根系早衰。总之,在非充分灌溉条件下,作物能够在营养生长,物质运输和产量形成等方面产生有效的补偿机制,可作为非充分灌溉的重要理论基础。

Unsufficient irrigation and its physiological bases

This paper presents the concept and contents of unsufficient irrigation,and mainly discussed under unsufficient irrigation crops produce physiological reaction of adaptation in vivo.After unsufficient irrigation and light arid treatment,crops stomatal resistant increases and transpiration loss water decreases.Dependence of stomatal open in crop water loss is larger than that of photosynthesis.It can be adjusted relation of crop photosynthesis and water by stomatal,and result in raises water use efficiency (WUE) finally.Limited water deficient benefit assimilate transporting to seeds.Using 14 CO 2 labelled research results showed:under growth late stage water deficient,wheat presents remobilization of assimilate from for anthesis vegetation organs"temporary sink"and compensative mechanism of yields formed;Moderate water deficient enhanced growing and developing of primary root,increased roots and its activity of deep soil in wheat etc,and prevent root premature decay in late stage.In brief,under unsufficient irrigation crops can be produed effective compensative mechanism in vegetation growth,substance transportation and yields formed etc.This could be regarded as important theory bases of unsufficient irrigation.