黄土峁状丘陵区天然草场类型及可持续利用研究

以黄土高原峁状丘陵区为对象，研究了该区各类草场生境特点及生态条件，探讨了该地区草场草种组成及生产力变化因素，根据典型样区草场物种及生镜，将本区草场资源划分为低湿地草甸草场、农田隙地草场、干草原草场、草甸草原草场及人工灌木草丛草场5个类型，并对其产量及载畜量进行了分析。结果表明：该地区低湿地草甸草场单位面积产草量最高，牧草质量好，但仅占总土地面积的0.5%左右。只能作为辅助草场；干草原草场面积最大，约占总土地面积的5.1%左右，但单位面积产草量较低，而人工灌木草丛草场群落总盖度70%左右，产草量3500kg/hm^2，载畜量最大，是该区主要草场。同时本文对天然草场的更新能力及人工改良技术进行了研究，提出了适草补种、轮封轮收、固定草场使用权等草场复壮措施。

Types of Natural Grassland and Their Sustainable Utilization on Hilly and Gully Area of the Loess Plateau

The ecological conditions and living environmental characteristics of each kind of grasslands in the hilly and gully Loess area are studied,and the composition and the productivity change of grass varieties in the area are discussed in the paper.The pasture resources are divided into five types as bottom wetland grassland,agriculture unoccupied place weeds,dry grassland,grassy marshland and artificial grassland according to the condition of pasture and the natural characteristics of hilly and gully Loess area,and the production and stock-carrying capacity of the grasslands are analyzed.The results show that the average yield of bottom wetland grassland is the highest,with good quality but its area is about 0.5% of the total area,it can only be taken as accessorial grassland.The area of dry grassland is largest and its area is about 5.1% of the total area,but its yield is lower.The stock-carrying capacity of artificial grassland is the largest,the rate of coverage is about 70%,the yield is about 3 500 kg/hm~2,which is the main grassland.In addition,the natural rebirth capacity of artificial grassland and the technique of artificial improvement are studied,the technique of rejuvenating grassland,such as additional cultivation,alternative graze and fixing the right of using grassland,is presented.