内蒙古居群抗寒西伯利亚杏繁殖生态学研究

对内蒙古居群抗寒西伯利亚杏的12个种源同一树龄的102株进行雌蕊败育率、花粉量、花粉活力、柱头可授性及自交不亲和性进行研究,以明确西伯利亚杏主产地资源的花期生物学特性和繁殖特性,为杏杂交育种和资源利用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)有86.27%的西伯利亚杏雌蕊败育率低于90%;73.53%的西伯利亚杏单朵花花粉量在1×104～5×104之间;86.27%的西伯利亚杏花粉活力低于50%,且寿命较短。(2)花苞在将开未开时,柱头已经具备一定的可授性,开花后1～4d内柱头可授性保持较高水平,第5天开始有下降趋势。(3)荧光显微观察结果显示,授粉后16h时,96.08%的杏花花粉管在花柱上部;授粉后24h时,74.51%的杏花花粉管仍在花柱上部;授粉后48h时,35.29%的杏花花粉管到达花柱中部;授粉后80h时,花粉管到达花柱下部的杏花约50%,但受精胚珠数为0。研究认为,西伯利亚杏基本为自交不亲和。

Reproductive Ecology of Armeniaca sibirica with Cold Resistant in Inner Mongolia

102 Armeniaca sibirica resources of the same age with cold resistant in Inner Mongolia region were studied on pistil abortive rate,pollen quantity,pollen vitality,stigma receptivity and self-incompatibility.The results showed that:(1)The pistil abortive rate was lower than 90% for 86.27% resources,and the pollen quantity of single flower was between 1×10⁴ and 5×10⁴ for 73.53% resources.The pollen vitality was less than 50% with short life for 86.27% resources.(2)The stigma had certain receptivity when the bud would be open,and it could maintain a high level in 1~4 days and began to decline in 5 days after the flowering.(3)The fluorescence microscopic observation of A.sibirica showed that the pollen tube length was less than 1/3 of the style after pollination 16 h for 96.08% resources.The pollen tube length was still not exceed 1/3 of the style after pollination 24 h for 74.51% resources,and the pollen tube extended into the middle part of the style after pollination 48 h for 35.29% resources.After pollination 80 h,the pollen tube reached the lower of the style for 50% resources,but the fertilized ovule number was 0.Thus,the A.sibirica resources were essentially self-incompatibility.