濒危药用植物云南黄连传粉生态学研究

云南黄连为中药材黄连的原植物之一,为国家二级濒危保护植物。通过对云南黄连的开花物候、花部特征、繁育系统及传粉方式进行观察研究,以探讨云南黄连濒危机制,为其种质资源保护及人工抚育奠定基础。结果表明:(1)云南黄连的花期从12月份起至第二年的3月份,花期长达4个月,花序开花可持续45～60d,同一花序上不同花的开花时间相隔1～3d,单花花期可持续40～45d。(2)云南黄连为多歧聚伞花序,苞片包被花芽,花两性,雄蕊和心皮多数。(3)云南黄连的花粉-胚珠比(P/O)为9 000左右,杂交指数(OCI)值为4或5,为自交亲和但需要传粉者完成传粉的兼性异交型繁育系统,并存在无融合生殖现象。

Pollination Ecology of Coptis teeta Wall.an Endangered Medicinal Plant

Coptis teeta Wall.an endangered species is one of the original plants of traditional Chinese medicine Coptis.C.teeta and now it is listed as national Ⅱ grand protect plant.The flowering phenology,the floral syndrome,the breeding system and the pollination biology of C.teeta were studied in present paper.This study will help to reveal endangered mechanism of the plants and lay a foundation for the protection of germplasm resources and artificial tending.The main results were as follows:(1)The floral longevity of C.teeta lasts for 4 months from December to March of the next year.The flowering period of inflorescence is 45～60 days and different flowers of the same inflorescence bloom apart from 1 to 3 days.(2)C.teeta is pleiochasium,brats protect bud,flowers bisexual,stamens and carpels numerous.(3)P/O ratio is about 9 000 and OCI is 4 or 5.The results of breeding experiment demonstrated that C.teeta is xenogamous and self-compatible,the pollinators are required for seed sets.The agamospermy do exist in C.teeta.