长白山区野生珍稀濒危药用植物资源评价体系的初步研究

长白山区属温带气候,野生药用植物资源十分丰富。经过6年的野外调查和查阅文献资料,首次建立了以蕴藏系数、保护缓急程度等7项指标在内的定量评价珍稀濒危药用植物指标体系。结果表明:长白山区目前1 004种(含变种、变型)野生药用植物中,受到生存威胁的药用植物种类共有59科、98属、124种。其中急需保护的有22科、30属、31种,分别占受威胁药用植物的科、属、种数的37.29%,30.61%,25%,代表种类主要有草苁蓉、人参、天麻、刺参、黄檗、平贝母等;需要保护的有29科、43属、53种,分别占受威胁药用植物的科、属、种数的49.15%,43.88%,42.74%,代表种类主要有高山红景天、木通马兜铃、刺五加、党参、辽细辛、北五味子等;一般保护的有34科、38属、40种,分别占受威胁药用植物的科、属、种数的57.63%,38.78%,32.26%,代表种类主要有穿龙薯蓣、祁州漏芦、黄花乌头、羊乳、手参、大叶小檗等。

Preliminary Study of the Evaluation System of Precious and Endangered Wild Officinal Plants in Changbai Mountains

The area covered by Changbai Mountains has a temperate climate and is rich in officinal plants.Based on the field investigation and data or literature references over six years,an evaluation system for endangered and precious wild officinal plants,which contain seven indexes such as storage index and protection urgency degree,was set up for the first time.The results showed that of the 1 004 species(including varieties and forms) of wild officinal plants in Changbai Mountains,124 species,98 genera and 59 families are endangered species.There are 31 species,30 genera and 22 families of the endangered species,genera and families,which need urgent protection and account separately for 37.29%,30.61% and 25%,and their representatives include Boschniakia rossica,Panax ginseng,Gastrodia elata,Oplopanax elatus,Phellodendron amurense,Fritillaria ussuriensis and so on;there are 53 species,43 genera and 29 families of the endangered species,genera and families,which need protection and account separately for 49.15%,43.88% and 42.74%,and their representatives include Rhodiola sachalinensis,Aristolochia manshuriensis,Aranthopanax senticosus,Codonopsis pilosula,Asarum heterotropoides,and Schisandra chinensis,etc;there are 40 species,38 genera and 34 families of the endangered species,genera and families,which need unclassified protection and account separately for 57.63%,38.78% and 32.26%,and their representatives are Dioscorea nipponia,Rhaponticum uniflorum,Aconitum coreanum,Codonopsis lanceolata,Gymnadenia conopsea,Berberis amurensis and so on.