蔷薇科果树类受体激酶的研究进展

类受体激酶(receptor like kinase，RLK)参与调控植物几乎所有的生命活动，是植物生长发育和环境适应的“中央处理器”。该文对近年来国内外有关蔷薇科果树RLK基因鉴定、进化特征及其在各器官生长发育、非生物和生物逆境中的作用及调控机制等方面的研究进展进行了综述。蔷薇科果树基因组中存在数目庞大的RLKs，不同树种间的RLK数目和各亚家族成员数目都存在较大差异，而且蔷薇科果树RLK存在极为普遍的部分重复和串联重复现象，是导致家族成员迅速变化的重要原因。有研究发现，一些RLKs调控蔷薇科果树器官发育和对环境的适应性。在器官发育方面，LRR RLK亚家族成员调控根系发育，CrRLK1L、LysM RLK和LRR RLK亚家族部分成员参与调控果实发育，CrRLK1L亚家族成员参与调控花粉管发育，LRR RLK、LysM RLK、L LEC RLK和B Lectin RLK亚家族部分成员调控蔷薇科果树对生物逆境的适应。今后RLK功能研究可侧重于蔷薇科果树特色性状，通过提高目标基因的筛选和验证的效率，加速主效RLKs的筛选进程，并通过筛选主效RLKs诱导方式和加速分子育种进程等途径，将研究成果应用于实际生产。

Research Progress of Receptor Like Kinase Genes in Rosaceae Fruit Trees

Receptor Like Kinase (RLK) genes are one of the most important gene families in the angiosperm genome. A typical RLK protein consists of an N terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane region and a C terminal intracellular kinase domain. Because of the specific evolutional characteristics of each plant, each subfamily and the number of RLKs were largely changed among different plants. Gene duplication, both fragmental and tandem, is the main cause of the rapid variation. We summarized the current progress in the study of RLKs in Rosaceae fruit trees, including genome wide identification, the evolutionary characteristics, the roles of RLKs on cell growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in Rosaceae fruit trees. The studies on the roles of RLKs in the development of Rosaceae fruit trees have focused on roots, fruits, and pollen tubes. Plant RLK genes have a great significance to the growth and development, environmental adaptation and disease resistance of fruit trees. However, the research results of plant RLKs in Rosaceae fruit trees are not deep enough compared with model plants. We suggested that the future investigations in this field could focus on specific traits of Rosaceae fruit trees, such as developmental stage transition, dormancy, self incompatibility, fruit development and quality formation, interactions between rootstock and scion and specific diseases (Valsa canker, apple ring rot, etc.). Based on molecular breeding, the target RLKs will be screened and induced for rapid application in practical production.