毕节喀斯特石漠化区野生植物资源及区系研究

为了明确毕节喀斯特石漠化地区的植物资源及区系特征，该研究于2018年、2019年分别采用样线和样方法对研究区的野生植物资源进行调查，同时通过标本采集、文献查阅等方法对研究区的植物资源及区系进行分析,为喀斯特石漠化治理及生态保护提供理论依据。结果表明：(1)研究区植物总计133科438属721种，其中蕨类10科13属16种，裸子植物7科9属11种，被子植物116科417属695种;被子植物中，单子叶植物15科75属121种，双子叶植物101科342属574种；珍稀濒危植物共35种，隶属于14科24属。(2)资源植物分类中，药用类植物121科339属516种，蜜源植物74科180属333种，食用类植物37科60属75种，观赏类植物75科146属209种，纤维类植物42科82属89种，淀粉和糖料类植物21科37属59种，芳香油类植物25科88属132种，油脂类植物63科117属144种，树脂及树胶类植物17科17属22种，鞣料类38科63属87种，其他植物资源合计68科128属155种。(3)植物区系上蕨类植物的科、属区系分化小，种子植物科的区系划分为9个分布区类型、9个亚型，以热带成分为主；属级水平上共15个分布区类型、20个亚型，属水平上温带成分占优势。研究表明，研究区植物资源种类丰富，植物区系具有温带和热带双重性质和过渡性特征。

Study on Wild Plant Resources and Flora in Bijie Karst Rocky Desertification Area

In order to understand the plant resources and flora characteristics of the Bijie karst rocky desertification area, we surveyed the wild plant resources in the study area by sampling lines and sampling methods in 2018 and 2019, and the research was conducted through methods such as specimen collection and literature review. The plant resources and flora of the district were analyzed for providing theoretical basis for karst rocky desertification control and ecological protection. The results showed that: (1) there were 721 species of 438 genera and 133 families in the study area, including 10 families, 13 genera, 16 species of pteridophytes, 7 families, 9 genera and 11 species of gymnosperms, 116 families, 417 genera and 695 species of angiosperms. Among angiosperms, there are 15 families, 75 genera, 121 species of monocotyledonous plants, and 101 families, 342 genera, 574 species of dicotyledons. There are 35 species of rare and endangered species, belonging to 14 families and 24 genera. (2) Among the classification of resource plants, there are 516 species of medicinal plants in 121 families, 339 genera and 333 species of nectar plants in 74 families, 180 genera, 75 species of edible plants in 37 families, 60 genera, 209 species of ornamental plants in 75 families, 146 genera, 89 species of fibers in 42 families, 82 genera, 59 species of starches and sugars in 21 families, 37 genera, and 132 species of aromatic oils in 25 families, 88 genera. There are 144 species of grease in 63 families, 117 genera, 22 species of resins and gums in 17 families, 17 genera, 87 species of tanning in 63 genera and 38 families and 155 species of other plant resources total in 68 families, 128 genera. (3) On the flora, the families and genera of pteridophytes are slightly differentiated. The flora of the seed plant family is divided into 9 distribution types and 9 subtypes, mainly tropical components; 15 distribution types and 20 subtypes at the genus level, temperate elements dominate at the genus level. Studies have shown that the study area is rich in plant resources, and the flora has the dual nature and transitional characteristics of temperate and tropical zones.