蒙农红豆草不同花色表型及色素成分特征分析

蒙农红豆草不仅是良好的饲草作物,还可以用作庭院观赏及蜜源植物。该研究以蒙农红豆草浅色花瓣突变体与对照群体中的粉红色、紫红色花瓣为试验材料,通过对花瓣颜色的表型和色素种类及含量的综合分析,明确影响花色形成的主要物质。结果表明:(1)蒙农红豆草浅色花突变体与对照的粉红色花和紫红色花为3种不同的色系,根据黄度(b*)和色相角(h°)将浅色花突变体的花色定义为黄白色花。(2)在3种花色中共检测到10种类黄酮和5种花青素,其中6种山奈酚衍生物、2种矮牵牛素衍生物、2种飞燕草素衍生物和1种锦葵素衍生物为首次在蒙农红豆草中报道;同时还发现山奈酚-3-芸香苷、山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷和飞燕草素-3-羧基修饰芸香苷在3种花色中含量(36%~50%、21%~35%和27%~65%)最多。研究推测:芦丁、山奈酚-3-芸香苷-5-鼠李糖苷和山奈酚-3-p-香豆酰葡萄糖苷为影响蒙农红豆草花色变化的主要成分。

Composition Characteristics of Phenotypes and Pigments of Different Floral Colors of Mengnong Sainfoin

Mengnong sainfoin was not only a good forage crop, but also can be used as a garden ornamental and honey plant. In this study, the mutant petals from light color flower and the petals with pink color and amaranth color were used as the test materials. Based on the comprehensive analysis of petals parameters, pigment species and content to confirm the main substances affecting floral color. The result shows that: (1) the light color flower by EMS treated and the control (pink and amaranth) were three different color systems, and the light color flower was defined as yellow white flower according to the b^* and the h°. (2) 10 kinds of flavonoids and 5 kinds of anthocyanins were detected in 3 colors of sainfoin, but 6 varieties of kaempferol derivatives, 2 types of petunia derivatives, 2 varieties of delphinidin derivatives and 1 types of mallowin derivative were firstly reported in Mengnong sainfoin. We also found the Kaempferol 3 O rutinoside, Kaempferol 3 O glucoside and Delphinidin 3 rutinoside contents were the most in 3 different color of flowers. The color change of Mengnong sainfoin was influenced by the rutin, Kaempferol 3 O rhamnosylrutinoside and Kaempferol 3 O glucoside p courmaric ester.