单宁细胞形态与部分柿属种及品种相关性研究

采用软柿果肉直接压涂法,在光学显微镜下对204个柿属种及品种果实中的单宁细胞形态特征进行观察分析.结果显示:(1)在6个种柿属植物果实中,均含有单宁细胞,其外形大多属于短形和近圆形,但在数量、大小和颜色上存在差异,其中,油柿(Diospyros oleifera Cheng.)、君迁子(D.lotus Linn.)、柿(D.kaki Thunb.)、浙江柿(D.glaucifolia Metc.)的单宁细胞通常无色,而黑柿(D.nitida Mcrr.)为黄绿色,乌材(D.eriantha Champ.)为紫红色,乌柿(D.eathayensis Stheward.)为淡紫色;单宁细胞从大到小依次为油柿>君迁子>浙江柿>乌材>黑柿>乌柿.(2)单宁细胞在不同品种类型间差异明显,其中涩柿单宁细胞多为无色,单宁细胞比较宽大;甜柿品种均会出现褐变的单宁细胞,单宁细胞较小或瘦长;完全甜柿品种大多存在着凝固型褐变单宁细胞,仅少数凝聚呈球形,且单宁细胞分散存在于果肉中,果肉中的褐斑较细小;不完全甜柿在种子周围的褐斑处,可以看到大量的表面凹形且褐变的收缩型单宁细胞,且常以单宁细胞束的形态存在于果肉中,使果肉中的褐斑大而密;原产我国的完全甜柿中不存在凝聚型的单宁细胞,只有凝固型的单宁细胞.(3)聚类分析结果表明,单宁细胞的特征可以作为不同类型柿属种的分类依据.

Classification and Morphological Characteristics of Tannin Cells in Some Persimmon Species and Varieties

Tannin cells in persimmon fruit of 204 accessions which included several species and four types(PCNA,PVNA,PCA,PVA) were observed by light microscope,which obtained by spreading mature soft fruit flesh direct to the holding flake.The results showed that:(1)tannin cells existed in the fruit of all 6 persimmon species.The shape of cell is similar on the whole among species,but they showed differences on quantity,size and color.D.lotus and D.glaucifolia had many small size tannin cells which existed in an agglomerate form.D.oleifera,D.lotus,D.glaucifolia and,D.kaki usually had colorless tannin cells,whereas,D.eriantha had red purple,D.nitida had green-yellow and D.eathayensis had light purple tannin cells.The size of tannin cells rank of big to small is D.oleifera,D.lotus,D.glaucifolia,D.erantha,D.nitida and D.eathayensis.(2)Tannin cells showed obvious difference in different types of persimmon.Tannin cells in almost astringent varieties were colorless,while those in non-astringent varieties can be found more brown cells.The sizes of tannin cell in astringent cultivars were bigger or fatter than that in non-astringent cultivars.In PCNA cultivars,a few of coacervate brown tannin cells can always be found besides many concretionary brown tannin cells,and the cells always dispersed evenly in the flesh,so brown specks in the flesh are small or fine.In PVNA cultivars,many contracted tannin cells with hollow hole on the cell surface,which exsit as bundle around seeds,can be found.Therefore,large and high density brown specks can be seen in the flesh.There are concretionary tannin cells,but no coacervate tannin cells in PCNA native Chinese cultivars.It suggest that different species and different type of persimmon can be distinguished by tannin cells performance in the fruit.(3)Cluster results show that the characters of tannin cells for classification of species and cultivars of Diospyros were provided.