草地植物种群繁殖对策研究

植物的繁殖包括有性繁殖和无性繁殖两大类型，克隆繁殖是一种较为特殊的营养繁殖方式。本文综述了草地种子植物的生殖分配及生殖投资，克隆生长以及放牧对草地植物种群繁殖的影响。植物种群生物量、能量和养分生殖分配是植物种群生殖分配的重要内容，不同植物在结实期营养元素及能量的配置上有着显著的区别，这可能是植物在长期进化过程中形成的生殖对策，是适应环境的结果。在种群水平上，中等强度以上的放牧干扰有利于植物的克隆生长，但有性生殖减弱。草原植物发达的营养繁殖或克隆生长方式是对放牧的适应性对策。

Reproductive strategy of grassland plant

Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction are the main reproductive mode of plant. Clonal reproduction is a kind of special reproduction. In narrow sense, it refers to vegetative propagation. In this paper, reproductive allocation and reproductive effort of spermatophyte, clonal growth and the effect of grazing on reproduction of grass species were discussed. Allocation pattern of nutrient and biomass or energy differs significantly among species, which is the result of environment acclimation in the reproductive strategy during the course of plant evolution. To some extent, moderate and heavy grazing can enhance clonal growth ability of grasses, but depress sexual reproduction ability. Most grasses reproduce mainly through vegetative propagation or clonal growth, which is the adaptive strategy to grazing habitat.