除草剂对冬小麦光合特性、籽粒产量及品质的调控效应

通过田间试验研究了4种除草剂(2,4-D丁酯、‘巨星’、‘世玛’和‘骠马’)对2个小麦品种(‘临优145’和‘临汾138’)光合特性、籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明:2,4-D丁酯使小麦灌浆期间旗叶的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和净光合速率(Pn)一直较低,千粒重和籽粒产量显著低于对照;‘巨星’使灌浆前期的SPAD值和Pn较高而中后期快速下降,灌浆持续时间缩短,产量与对照相近;‘世玛’使灌浆前中期SPAD值和Pn较低但后期下降缓慢,灌浆持续时间延长,千粒重和籽粒产量显著高于对照和其它处理;‘骠马’对光合特性和产量影响较小。2,4-D丁酯和‘骠马’使籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、吸水率、评价值显著或极显著提高,稳定时间延长,而形成时间与对照相近;‘巨星’和‘世玛’处理的品质指标大多低于或接近对照。研究发现,除草剂通过调控小麦旗叶光合特性和灌浆进程来影响其千粒重和籽粒产量,且除草剂和品种间存在差异;2,4-D丁酯虽能明显改善小麦品质但却显著降低籽粒产量,‘骠马’使小麦品质特性改善的同时也使籽粒产量有所提高,‘世玛’虽能显著提高籽粒产量却使品质特性变差。

Effects of Herbicides on Photosynthesis Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

The effects of four herbicides,2,4-D butyl,tribenuron-methyl,fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and sigma,on flag leaves photosynthesis characteristics,yield and quality of two wheat varieties,'Linyou 145' and 'Linfen 138',were studied in field experiment.The results showed that,using 2,4-D butyl,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were the lowest during all filling stage among the four herbicides,1 000-kernel weight and yield were lower observably than the contrast.Using tribenuron-methyl,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were higher during early filling stage,and declined rapidly in middle and late filling stages,filling continue stages were shortened,and yield were close to the contrast.Using Sigma,flag leaves SPAD value and Pn were lower during early and middle filling stages,and declined slowly in late filling stage.On the same time,filling continue stage was prolonged;1 000-kernel weight and yield were higher than the contrast and other treatments.Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl has little effect on photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaves and yield.Using 2,4-D butyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl,protein content,wet gluten,sedimentation value,water absorption and valorimeter value were improved,stability time were prolonged,and development time were close to the contrast.Using tribenuron-methyl and sigma,most quality index were lower than or close to the contrast.In summary,through flag physiologic characteristic and grain filling,herbicides effects 1 000-kernel weight and yield of wheat.And different herbicides had different effect,different wheat varieties also had different effect.2,4-D butyl could improve quality of wheat,but decreased yield remarkably.Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl improved wheat quality,and also increased yield.Sigma can increase yield,but decreased quality.