兰坪铅锌矿区植被恢复初期土壤种子库与地上植被关系的研究

尾矿废弃地是一种极端的生态系统,其植被恢复的研究将丰富传统的生态学理论。该研究通过野外植被调查与室内萌发实验相结合的方法,探讨了兰坪铅锌矿区植被恢复初期不同群落类型地上植被、土壤种子库及其相互关系。结果显示:（1）与对照群落（云南松林、高山栎灌丛）相比,尾矿区恢复期各群落（早熟禾人工草地、魁蒿群落、马桑灌丛）地上植被及土壤种子库的物种数、物种多样性均较低。（2）植被恢复时间较短的2个群落（魁蒿群落、人工草地）土壤种子库较地上植被物种多样性高。（3）尾矿区恢复期各群落地上植被及土壤种子库的优势种均主要由风播、种子繁殖的植物组成,菊科、禾本科占较大比例,这些植物在尾矿区植被恢复初期起重要作用。（4）尾矿区恢复期各群落土壤种子库与地上植被的物种相似性较高,各群落之间地上植被及土壤种子库的相似性则较低。研究表明,尾矿区恢复初期土壤种子库与地上植被紧密联系,群落改造方式、恢复时间对土壤种子库具有重要影响。

Relationship between Aboveground Vegetation and Soil Seed Banks from Different Communities of Initial Restoration Stage in Lanping Lead/Zinc Mining Area

Mining tailings are special ecosystems with harsh environmental conditions,the recovery of these ecosystems would broaden the scope of ecology.In this study,the relationship between soil seed banks and stand vegetation from different communities in Lanping Lead/Zinc Mining Area were explored by combining field investigations and seed germination trial.The results showed that:(1)The communities which recovered from tailing sites (CRTS) (including Poa pratensis man-made grassland,Artemisia princeps community and Coriaria nepalensis scrub) were lower in species number and plant diversity than reference communities (RC) (including Pinus yunnanensis forest and Quercus aquifolioides scrub,the natural vegetation in this site).(2)The soil seed bank of P.pratensis man-made grassland and A.princeps community were higher in species diversity than that of its stand vegetations.(3)Anemochorous plants dominated the soil seed banks and stand vegetations of CRTS,which means these plants would play important roles in vegetation recovery at the early stage of revegetation,and is mainly composed of Compositae and Poaceae.(4)CRTS were higher in similarity between stand vegetation and corresponding soil seed banks than that of RC,and lower in similarity between different vegetations and soil seed banks of different communities.These illustrate stand vegetation is tightly related with its soil seed banks at early stage of CRTS,and the mode of community building and succession time are two important factors influencing plant composition of soil seed banks.