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Ambrosia fungi in the insect-fungi symbiosis in relation to cork oak decline |
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| Authors: | Henriques Joana Inácio Maria Lurdes Sousa Edmundo |
| Institution: | 1. School of Forest Resources and Conservation and Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. University of Texas Insect Collection, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;3. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;4. University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;5. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA;1. Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy |
| Abstract: | Ambrosia fungi live associated with beetles (Scolytidae and Platypodidae) in host trees and act as a food source for the insects. The symbiotic relation is important to the colonizing strategies of host trees by beetles. Ambrosia fungi are dimorphic: they grow as ambrosial form and as mycelium. The fungi are highly specialized, adapted to a specific beetle and to the biotope where they both live. In addition other fungi have been found such as tree pathogenic fungi that may play a role in insects host colonization success. Saprophytic fungi are also present in insects galleries. These may decompose cellulose and/or be antagonistic to other less beneficial fungi. This paper summarizes the importance of ambrosia fungi and the interaction with insects and hosts. The possibility of the transport of pathogenic fungi by Platypus cylindrus to cork oak thus contributing for its decline is discussed. |
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