西双版纳傣族利用野生蔬菜种类变化及原因分析

运用民族植物学的方法,选择西双版纳自然及社会经济发展不同的三个傣族村寨曼安、曼伞和曼广囡为研究对象,调查当地村民利用野生蔬菜情况,并探讨利用种类变化的原因。三个傣族村寨村民利用的野生蔬菜有228种,分属于75个科,其中曼安村寨147种,曼伞村寨144种,曼广囡村寨105种。通过Multivariate方差分析(P<0.05)表明:不同村寨的村民平均每人提及的野生蔬菜物种数存在显著差异;年轻组平均每人提及的野生蔬菜物种数明显低于年长组,不同性别之间差异不显著;野生蔬菜知识的流失在男性之间比女性更为严重。最后对影响野生蔬菜利用的因素,野生蔬菜利用变化的原因以及传统野生蔬菜知识的流失进行了分析,就如何保护传统知识进行了探讨。

Changes in Species Number and Causes that Used as Wild Vegetableby Dai People in Xishuangbanna, China

By using ethnobotanical approach,we investigated the indigenous knowledge on the utilization of the wild vegetable in three Dai villages named as Man'an,Mansan and Manguangnan in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,which represented the differences in natural and social-economic circumastances.A total of 228 plant species belonging to 75 families was recorded that used by local people as wild vegetable,among which,147 for Man'an,144 for Mansan and 105 for Manguangnan were recorded.The result of ANOVA(P<0.05) showed that there was significant difference among the average number of plant species mentioned by per person in three villages.Average number of plant species mentioned by per person in young group was significantly lower than that in old group.Through comparisons of average number of species mentioned by per person in different age groups,the loss of wild vegetables is much serious between males than between females.Finally,the authors dicussed and analyzed possible drivers that affect the maintaining of the indigenous knowledge on wild vegetable use.