茶条槭不同海拔种群的表型多样性

为了揭示茶条槭（Acerginnala）不同海拔种群表型变异程度和变异规律,以山西七里峪天然分布的茶条槭为研究对象,调查不同海拔种群的种实和叶表型性状,采用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等方法,分析种群的表型多样性。结果表明：17个表型性状中16个存在显著差异,占总表型性状的94.12%。在物种水平上各个性状表现出较丰富的变异,变异系数（CV）在7.05%～38.12%之间。茶条槭种群具有高的表型多样性（1.9253）,5个不同海拔种群的平均表型多样性指数为1.9022～1.9837。种群间的表型分化系数均值（13.79%）小于种群内变异（82.71%）,种群内的变异是表型变异的主要来源。各表型性状及表型多样性指数与土壤中的N、K、AN、AK、AP、OR、MC表现出显著或极显著的相关关系（P〈0.05）,但与海拔高度呈现出不显著的相关性。UPGMA聚类分析显示5个种群形成明显的两组,与其地理分布相一致。不同海拔种群所处微生境的异质性是引起种群间差异的主要原因。茶条槭种群内、种群间变异的利用对其遗传改良具有重要的意义。

Phenotypic Diversity of Acer ginnala (Aceraceae) Populations at Different Altitude

In this study,we analyzed the phenotypic variation of Acer ginnala natural populations at different altitude in Qiliyu,investigated the level of phenotypic diversity by using ANOVA analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic variation among and within populations.Coefficient of variation （CV） varied from 7.05% to 38.12%.High phonotypic diversity （1.9253） occurred within A.ginnala populations,the mean phenotypic diversity index of populations ranged from 1.9022 to 1.9837.Phenotypic differentiation coefficient （VST） among populations （13.79%） was less than that of within populations （86.21%）.The variation within-populations comprised a majority of total phenotypic variation.A significant relation had occurred between phenotypic traits and soil factors.Phenotypic diversity index had a very significant correlation with soil total nitrogen （P0.05）,no significant relation with altitude.Five populations gathered into two groups by cluster analysis,which consistent with the geographic distribution of A.ginnala in Qiliyu.The traits variations of natural populations at different altitude were affected mainly by micro-environmental heterogeneity of different A.ginnala populations.Utilizing of variation within and among populations is important significance for genetic improvement of A.ginnala.