海南鹦哥岭自然保护区蕨类植物区系

在充分的野外调查的基础上,初步探讨了海南鹦哥岭自然保护区蕨类植物的区系组成、生态分布与濒危状况。初步结果如下:1.鹦哥岭现有蕨类植物50科119属282种,科、属、种的比例分别占海南蕨类科、属、种的89·3%、84·4%和62·7%,其中台湾马尾杉(Phlegmariurus taiwanensis)、粗齿桫椤(Al-sophila denticulata)、启无蹄盖蕨(Athyrium wangii)、紫柄蕨(Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis)、微红新月蕨(Pronephrium megacuspe)、羽裂圣蕨(Dictyocline wilfordii)、多羽复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes amoena)、华南鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris tenuicula)等8种为海南分布新记录种。2.鹦哥岭蕨类区系以水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)、蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)、金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae)、铁角蕨科(Aspleniaceae)为优势科,以铁角蕨属(Aspleni-um)、凤尾蕨属(Pteris)、短肠蕨属(Allantodia)、卷柏属(Selaginella)、毛蕨属(Cyclosorus)等为优势属,是一个以热带成分为主的热带区系,兼有较高比例的地区特有成分和东亚成分,其中,热带分布的科、属、种的比例分别为97·3%、88·3%和63·4%。3.鹦哥岭蕨类的生活环境大致可以区分为4种类型:低海拔次生林或灌草丛干旱生境、中高海拔林下阴湿生境、中高海拔林下湿润溪流生境和高海拔湿润苔藓矮林生境,以中高海拔林下阴湿生境中的蕨类最为丰富。4.鹦哥岭保存有许多海南珍稀蕨类,有10种国家二级保护蕨类,有56种海南受威胁蕨类,其中海南蹄盖蕨(Athyrium hainanense)、和七指蕨(Helminthostachys zeylanica)为海南极危种(CR),另有17种海南濒危(EN)、37种海南易危(VU)蕨类。

The Pteriphyte Flora of Yinggeling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China

Based on extensive field work, 282 fern species, belonging to 119 genera in 50 families, were recorded in Yinggeling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China. Among the 282 species, eight are new records to Hainan, i.e. Alsophila denticulata, Arachniodes amoena, Athyrium wangii, Dictyocline wilfordii, Dryopteris tenuicula, Phlegmariurus taiwanensis, Pronephrium megacuspe and Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis. The fern flora of Yinggeling is very rich and contains 89.3% families, 84.4% genera and 62.7% species of the fern flora of Hainan Island. This flora is characterized by tropical distribution elements, represented by 97.3% tropical families, 88.3% tropical genera and 63.4% tropical species. Besides the tropical elements, local endemic and East Asia distribution elements are also prominent components. The four species-rich families with more than 20 species are Polypodiaceae, Athyriaceae, Thelypteridaceae and Aspleniaceae, and the five species-rich genera with more than 10 species are Asplenium, Pteris, Allantodia, Selaginella and Cyclosorus. Regarding the ecology of the fern flora, four major habitats can be identified: arid forest or shrub habitat at low altitude, dense forest habitat at middle and high altitude, humid ravine forest habitat at middle and high altitude, and mossy dwarf forest habitat at high altitude. Pteridophytes are mostly abundant in humid ravine habitat at middle and high altitude. According to 2001 IUCN Red List and Categories, 56 fern species are threatened in Hainan Island, i.e. four species are Critically Endangered (CR) (i.e. Athyrium hainanense and Helminthostachys zeylanica), 17 species are Endangered (EN) and 37 are Vulnerable (VU). In addition, ten fern species are under Class II National Protection in China.