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中国栎属的起源演化及其扩散
引用本文:周浙昆.中国栎属的起源演化及其扩散[J].云南植物研究,1992,14(3):227-236.
作者姓名:周浙昆
作者单位:中国科学院昆明植物研究所 昆明650204
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目
摘    要:

关 键 词:壳斗科  栎属  起源  演化  分布  区系

ORIGIN, PHYLOGENY AND DISPERSAL OF QUERCUS FROM CHINA
ZHOU Zhe-Kun.ORIGIN, PHYLOGENY AND DISPERSAL OF QUERCUS FROM CHINA[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1992,14(3):227-236.
Authors:ZHOU Zhe-Kun
Abstract:Origin, phylogeny and dispersal of Quercus from China were discussed based on studies of phylogeny, fossil history and modern distribution of Quercus. According to Takhtajan's view point of regionlizatiton of the world flora, a number of species in every region of the world were counted as follows: Caribbean region with 134 species belonging to one subgenus and three sectitons (3/1), Indo-Chinese region 118(3/2) and east Asian region 97(3 / 2). Above regions are abundant in a number of species and can be considered as the centres of majority. In conjunction with considering their phylogenetic relationships and fossil history Indo-Chinese region would be however the centre of distribution and speciation and could be original place of Quercus. Original time of Quercus was suggested in early Plaeogene based on the fossil history of Quercus. Trigonobalanus has been recognized as probable ancestor of Quercus. After the emergence of Quercus on the earth, two large groups, subg. Cyclobalanopsis and subg. Quercus were first derived. Subg. Cyclobalanopsis mainly developed and dispersed insoutheasten Asian. They dispersed not beyoned "the line of Wallace "forward to southeast and reached the line of Qinling moutain to Huaihe river forward to north. Two groups were evolved, sect. Brachylepides and sect. Engleriana, after the emergence of subg. Quercus. Sect. Brachylepides, the oldest group in subg. Quercus, mixed in broad evergreen forest at first and then developed and becomed dominant in Hengduan Mountain with the Tethys withdrawing and Himalayas rising since the Miocene because of adapted to dry enviroment. Deciduous oaks could be evolved from sect. Echinolepides via sect. Engleriana and then two sections, sect. Quercus and sect. Aegilops, were derived. These sections dispersed in North Temperate, reaching 62 degrees north latitude in northwesten Europa and 52 degrees north latitude in northeast. Deciduous oaks dispersed to subtropical area and tropical mountains when the glacier came and climate became cold in the earth. Oaks dispersed to North America by two routes: 1) from Tethyan region migrating across the middle Atlantic before the late Eocene, this group could be sect. Protobalanus, evolving from sect. Brachylepides via Q.ilex.This section is held to be primitive among American oaks; 2) across the Asia-Bering land bridge after the Miocene. Sect. Quercus could take this route. In short Quercus was evolved from Trigonobalanus in tropic mountains of Indo-Chinese region in the early Paleocene and then dispersed to other areas from this region.
Keywords:Fagaceae  Quercus  Origin  Phylogeny  Dispersed  Flora
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