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论滇南西双版纳的森林植被分类
引用本文:朱华.论滇南西双版纳的森林植被分类[J].云南植物研究,2007,29(4):377-387.
作者姓名:朱华
作者单位:中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南,昆明,650223
基金项目:国家自然科学基金;中国科学院知识创新工程项目
摘    要:本文基于多年研究成果的总结,对西双版纳森林植被的分类、主要植被类型及其特征进行了系统归纳,并讨论了它们与世界类似热带森林植被的关系。以群落的生态外貌与结构、种类组成和生境特征相结合作为植被分类的原则和依据,可以将西双版纳的热带森林植被分类为热带雨林、热带季节性湿润林、热带季雨林和热带山地常绿阔叶林四个主要的植被型,包括有至少二十个群系。热带雨林包括热带季节雨林和热带山地(低山)雨林二个植被亚型。热带季节雨林具有与赤道低地热带雨林几乎一样的群落结构和生态外貌特征,是亚洲热带雨林的一个类型,但由于发生在季风热带北缘纬度和海拔的极限条件下,受到季节性干旱和热量不足的影响,在其林冠层中有一定比例的落叶树种存在,大高位芽植物和附生植物较逊色而藤本植物和在叶级谱上的小叶型植物更丰富,这些特征又有别于赤道低地的热带雨林。热带山地雨林是热带雨林的山地亚型,是该地区热带山地较湿润生境的一种森林类型,它在植物区系组成和生态外貌特征上类似于热带亚洲的低山雨林,隶属于广义热带雨林植被型下的低山雨林亚型。热带季节性湿润林分布在石灰岩山坡中、上部,在群落外貌上类似热带山地常绿阔叶林但在植物区系组成上与后者不同,它是石灰岩山地垂直带上的一种植被类型。热带季雨林是分布在该地区开阔河谷盆地及河岸受季风影响强烈的生境的一种热带落叶森林,是介于热带雨林与萨王纳之间的植被类型。热带山地常绿阔叶林(季风常绿阔叶林)是西双版纳的主要山地植被类型,它分布在热带季节雨林带之上偏干的山地生境。它在植物区系组成上不同于该地区的热带季节雨林,在生态外貌特征上亦不同于热带山地雨林,是发育在受地区性季风气候强烈影响的热带山地的一种森林植被类型。

关 键 词:植被分类  植被类型  西双版纳  云南南部
文章编号:0253-2700(2007)04-377-11
修稿时间:2007-01-272007-02-15

On the Classification of Forest Vegetation in Xishuangbanna, Southern Yunnan
ZHU Hua.On the Classification of Forest Vegetation in Xishuangbanna, Southern Yunnan[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2007,29(4):377-387.
Authors:ZHU Hua
Institution:Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
Abstract:Xishuangbanna of southern Yunnan is a region of extremely interest to biologists and also a hotspot for biodiversity conservation.It is located in a transitional zone from tropical Southeast Asia to temperate East Asia biogeographically.The present paper reviewed vegetation types of Xishuangbanna and suggested a revised classification system based on the updated study results over the last two decades.By combining physiognomic and floristic characteristics with ecological performances and habitats,the primary forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna can be organized into four main vegetation types:tropical rain forest,tropical seasonal moist forest,tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest and tropical monsoon forest.The tropical rain forest can be classified into two subtypes,i.e.tropical seasonal rain forest in the lowlands and tropical montane rain forest on higher elevations.The tropical seasonal rain forest in this region shows similar forest profile and physiognomic characteristics to those of equatorial lowland rain forests and is a type of world tropical rain forest.Because of conspicuous similarity on floristic composition,the tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna is a type of tropical Asian rain forest.However,since the tropical seasonal rain forest occurs at the northern edge of tropical SE Asia,it differs from typical lowland rain forests in equatorial areas in maintaining some deciduous trees in the canopy layer,fewer megaphanerophytes and epiphytes but more abundant lianas and more plants with microphyll.It is a type of semi-evergreen rain forest at the northern edge of the tropical zone.The tropical montane rain forest occurs in wet montane habitats and is similar to the lower montane rain forests in equatorial Asia in floristic composition and physiognomy.It is a variety of lower montane rain forests at the northern tropical edges of tropical rain forests.The tropical seasonal moist forest occurs on middle and upper limestone mountains and is similar to the tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest of the region in physiognomy,but it differs from the latter in floristic composition.The monsoon forest in Xishuangbanna is a tropical deciduous forest under the influence of a strong monsoon climate and is considered to be a transitional vegetation type between tropical rain forest and savanna in physiognomy and distribution.The tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest is the main vegetation type in mountain areas.It is dominated by the tree species of Fagaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Theaceae and Lauraceae in majority.It differs from the tropical montane rain forests in lack of epiphytes and having more abundant lianas and plants with compound leaves.It is considered to be a distinct vegetation type in the northern margin of mainland southeastern Asia controlling by a strong monsoon climate,based on its floristic and physiognomic characteristics.
Keywords:Vegetation classification  Vegetation types  Xishuangbanna  Southern Yunnan
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