中国种子植物特有属起源的探讨

本文根据文献和调查资料,对于中国种子植物特有属(包括半特有属)进行了统计分析,着重根据现知化石资料和一些代表科属的系统发生,结合它们的地理分布探讨了中国特有属的起源问题,初步获得6点结论。主要是中国植物区系的特有性很高,种子植物中含有321个特有属和10个特有科(皆包括半特有的),约占全国同类属数的10％。包括系统发生和地理分布的各种类群。裸子植物特有属多发生于白垩纪或更早,被子植物古特有属主要发生于晚白垩纪及第三纪各时期,新特有属多发生于新第三纪及其以后,秦岭以南亚热带至热带山地是大多数特有属的分布和分化中心或发源地。即各特有属科主要起源于华南古陆和古地中海东岸,喜马拉雅造山运动和青藏高原的隆起,对于中国特有属的形成、发展和分布有重要影响。

A STUDY ON THE ORIGIN OF SPERMATOPHYTIC GENERA ENDEMIC TO CHINA

This paper reports the number of spermatophytic genera endemic (including true-and semi-endemic) to China and their belonged families, and expresses emphatically their origin based on fossil informations and phylogeny of genera and families. There are three tables and five distribution figures. Finally, some conclusions may be reached as follows. 1. A high-leveled endemism occurred in Chinese flora. There are 321 endemic genera ( including 226 true-endemic and 95 semiendemic genera ) and 10 endemic families ( 4 true-endemic and 6 semi-endemic families) , the former being about 10% of total Chinese spermatophytic genera. 2. These endemic genera comprise various phylogenetic types like relic, primitive, intermediate and advanced groups. Some of them are with affinities closely to the flora of Tropics, North Temperate, E. Asian-N. America, Tethys as well as Gondwana land, etc. 3. All the paleo-endemic genera are the relicts, primitive and some intermediate groups occurred in late Cretaceous (or more early) or Tertiary period. The neo-cndemic genera are mostly occurred during the erogenic movement of Himalaya Mountains and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since Neogene. 4. The cradles of these endemic genera and families may be mostly auto-chtonous from E. Asia and east coast of Tethys. That is chiefly in the southern mountains of China, especilly in Hengduan Mts. or the eastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and their eastern mountains as well as southeast Yunnan to South China. Because these areas are the ditribution and diversity centers of most of endemic genera and existed a great of relicts primitive groups. 5. Origin and development of these endemic genera belonging to N. Temperate and Cosmopolitan families shows a tendency in all directions from the southern part of Hengduan Mts. or eastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Qinling Range and the Nanling Range may be the mainly migratory routes eastward. 6. There are close relationships between the occurrence, development and distribution of Chinese endemic genera and the tectonic, geomorphic patterns as well as palcoenvironmental changes, especially the uplifting of Himalaya Mountains and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.