竹亚科系统学和生物地理学研究进展及存在的问题

对近年来在竹亚科作为一个单系类群的界定、其系统位置的确定、内部系统演化趋势以及地理分布和起源方面研究所取得的进展进行了评述。竹亚科作为一个单系类群仅包括了木本的竹族（Bambuseae)和一个草本的莪利竹族（Olyreae)，其中莪利竹族分布在新几内亚的伊里安竹（Buergersiochloa)处于Olyreae最基部。禾本科12个亚科中除了3个亚科为基部类群以外，其余9个亚科分成PACCAD（包括黍亚科，狭义的芦竹亚科，广义的虎尾草亚科，假淡竹叶亚科，三芒草亚科和扁芒草亚科）和BOP单系分支（包括竹亚科，稻亚科和早熟禾亚科）。在BOP支中，竹亚科与早熟禾亚科相近缘，共同组成稻亚科的姐妹群。竹亚科分成草本和木本两个单系类群，木本竹子又分成热带和温带支系，热带支系进一步分成新世界热带和旧世界热带两个单系类群。从现有的化石证据和基部类群的地理分布推断，竹亚科很可能起源于晚白垩纪的冈瓦纳古陆。最后，本文就竹亚科研究尚存在的问题做了初步探讨。

Advances in the Systematics and Biogeography of the Bambusoideae (Gramineae) with Remarks on Some Remaining Problems

An overview of the recent advances in the studies of systematics and biogeography of the Bambusoideae (Gramineae) was presented in this mini rewiew. Firstly, the delimitation of the Bambusoideae as a monophyletic group and its systematic position were briefed. The modern concept of the Bambusoideae was defined to include two monophyletic tribes, the woody Bambuseae and the herbaceous Olyreae. Within the Olyreae, Buergersiochloa was identified as basal. Exclusive of the basal lineages of three herbaceous subfamilies (the Anomochloideae,Pharoideae and Puelioideae), the remainder of the grass family forms a monophyletic clade with two primary subdivisions, the PACCAD clade and the BOP clade. In the BOP clade, the Bambusoideae plus the Pooideae formed a clade sister to the Ehrhartoideae. In the Bambusoideae clade, the Olyreae was sister to the Bambuseae. Both tribes of it were monophyletic. The woody Bambuseae were divided into two monophyletic groups, one being the temperate bamboos and the other the tropical bamboos, which were composed of the old world tropic subclade and the new world tropical subclade. In the context of the molecular based phylogeny,the evolutionary trends, biogeography and origin of the subfamily were re evaluated. Based on the available fossil evidence and the surviving basal lineages, it was suggested that the Bambusoideae were evolved Iin Gondwanaland during the upper Cretaceous. Finally, remarks were made to address some problems of classification of the woody bamboos that remained to be resolved.