夏块菌与青刚栎形成外生菌根形态变化的研究

夏块菌（Tuber aestivum）是一种具有较高经济价值的菌根食用菌。对夏块菌与青刚栎（Cycloba-lanopsis glauca）在形成菌根过程中不同阶段的菌根形态变化进行了研究,结果显示：用夏块菌孢子液接种青刚栎苗后,第14天起开始形成淡乳色的外生菌根,外延菌丝刚毛状;第一至第二个月可形成黄褐色、褐色外生菌根,外延菌丝刚毛或羊毛状。外生菌根为单根,长1～4mm,直径150～250μm。菌套厚12～20μm,平坦或自菌根延伸出刚毛状菌丝,外延菌丝束黄绿色;哈替氏网菌丝直径1～1.5μm。菌根老化后变暗褐或萎缩。外延菌丝束呈黄绿色是夏块菌菌根区别于其它块菌菌根最重要的形态特征。

Study on the Morphological Changes of the Ectomycorrhizae Formed by Tuber aestivum on Cyclobalanopsis glauca Seedlings

Tuber aestivum is a valuable edible symbiotic fungus. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes after the ectomycorrhizae of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings and T.aestivum were formed. The results showed T.aestivum formed bristle ectomycorrhizae on the rootlet tip with light cream color on C.glauca seedlings on the 14th day by inoculating liquid spores suspension. It formed either typical yellowish brown to brownish ectomycorrhizae with or without bristles or woolly ectomycorrhizae after inoculation in one to two months. Ectomycorrhizae were monopodial,150-250 μm in diameter and 1-4 mm in length. The fungus mantle was 12-20 μm thick,surface smooth or with bristles,or with extramatrical hyphae. Hyphae in Hartig nets were 1-1.5 μm in diam. The ageing mycorrhizae became dark brown,wilted and shrunken. The yellowish green extramatrical mycelial strands could be the most important morphological character to distinguish the mycorrhizae formed by T.aestivum and those formed by other Tuber species.