Variable maternal control of facultative egg diapause in the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger

1. Diapause is a term used to describe an arrest in the development of insects as adults, eggs, or embryos, and allows survival during adverse environmental conditions. 2. The influence of maternal age on the proportion of eggs that entered an initial facultative diapause and on fecundity and egg mortality was investigated in the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger. 3. In the absence of variable abiotic cues such as temperature and photoperiod, most E. ephippiger females increase the proportion of their eggs that enter diapause as they age, however there are large differences among females, with a minority showing different trends. Fecundity and egg survival decline with female age and also differ among females. 4. The influence of age on the incidence of diapause is likely to be an adaptive reproductive strategy, as those eggs laid later in the season are unlikely to complete egg development before the onset of winter. Females are probably hedging their bets by diversifying the rate of development among their offspring and effectively spreading development over several seasons. The low predictability of future environmental conditions might explain the heterogeneity of female reproductive strategies.