大豆高光效育种研究进展

多年的研究证明,提高光合效率是提高大豆产量的重要途径.在高产条件下,高光效大豆(Glycine max L. Merr.)品种与一般品种相比可提高产量30%～40%,表明高光效育种有着广阔的发展前景.高光效育种虽然未能缩短育种时间,但为达到预定的高光效目标提供了"实时"监测,可免除目标的偏离,从而达到高光效与高产的同步提高.大豆叶片与豆荚均存在着高活性的有限的C4途径循环,因此,通过常规育种或基因工程技术提高C4途径酶的表达能力,可能是提高C3植物光合效率的新突破点.

Progress in the Breeding of Soybean for High Photosynthetic Efficiency

Studies for many years have indicated that the seed yield of ( Glycine max L. Merr.) soybean can be increased by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. The yield of cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency (HPE) increased by 30%-40% in comparison with the cultivars with normal photosynthetic efficiency, indicating that the breeding of soybean by increasing HPE may have a bright prospect. HPE breeding can be used as the temporal monitoring in the breeding process to avoid the divergency of the predetermined goal, although HPE breeding does not shorten the breeding time. It was observed that limited C4 pathway exists in soybean leaf and pod, suggesting that by increasing the genetic expression of some C4 enzymes in C3 crops through traditional or genetic engineering techniques, new breakthroughs in increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plant may be practicable in the future.