核酸适配体光学生物传感器在卡那霉素检测中的研究进展

卡那霉素是一种氨基糖苷类抗生素,由于其效果好、价格低等优点,是我国常用兽药之一。但如果剂量过大就会大量残留在动物体内,进而通过食物链富集进入人体,引发耳毒性、肾毒性等毒副作用,严重时会导致人死亡,因此对其含量的检测十分重要。近几年,大量基于核酸适配体检测卡那霉素的光学方法被开发,以满足人们对其检测的需求。首先明确了核酸适配体与光学生物传感器等相关概念;再根据其反应机制不同,对光学方法介导的生物传感器进行了分类综述,阐述了各类传感器的基本原理及其检测范围;最后对这几类传感器的优缺点和发展前景进行了总结和展望,对这些方法的进一步探索将为食品安全检测提供新的技术支撑。

Research Progress of Nucleic Acid Aptamer Optical Biosensor in Kanamycin Detection

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic,and it is one of commonly used veterinary drugs in China because of its good effect and low price.However,if kanamycin is used in over-dosage,it will remain in the animal body largely;then,it is enriched into the human body by the food chain;and subsequently,the toxic side effects such as ototoxicity,nephrotoxicity and even death may be caused.Thus quantitative detection of kanamycin is very important.In recent years,a large number of optical methods for detecting kanamycin based on nucleic acid aptamers have been developed to ensure testing requirements.Firstly,the related concepts of nucleic acid aptamers and optical biosensors are clarified.Then,according to their different reaction mechanisms,the optical biosensors are classified,and the basic principles and detection ranges of various sensors are also described.Finally,the advantages,disadvantages and development directions of these sensors are summarized and prospected.The exploration of these methods will provide new technical support for food safety testing.