适宜河北省旱寒区的冬油菜品种的筛选

筛选适宜河北省低平原地区种植的油菜品种,同时实现生态效益和经济效益,为相似气候区油菜品种的种植选择及种植结构的调整提供理论依据。以16个油菜品种为材料,对品种间农艺性状的变化进行方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。各品种间分枝部位存在差异,变异系数为61.82%,品种JR5分枝部位最低,14T×38最高;其次差异较为明显的是产量和二次分枝数,变异系数分别为26.69%和24.89%,14T×38产量最高,20SY-13最低。二次分枝数最大和最小的品种分别为20SY-13和天油142。油菜产量与一次分枝数和主花序角果数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),株高与分枝部位、主花序长度和主花序角果数呈显著正相关关系,一次分枝数与主花序角果数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),二次分枝数与主花序角果数呈极显著负相关。当欧式距离为5时,16个油菜品种可分为五大类。选择株高较高、一次分枝数和主花序角果数较多、二次分枝数较少且可以在当地正常越冬的油菜品种进行种植,可以获得较高水平产量;20SY-13在当地秋季种植应注意安全越冬。

Selection of Winter Rape Varieties Suitable for Cold and Dry Areas in Hebei Province

Screening rape varieties suitable for planting in Hebei low plain area may allow ecological and economic benefits simultaneously achieved,which may provide theoretical basis for the selection of rape varieties and the adjustment of planting structure in similar climate areas.Through the analysis of variance,correlation and cluster,the variations in agronomic traits of 16 rape varieties were analyzed.There were the most obvious differences in branching parts among varieties,with the variation coefficient of 61.82%,the lowest branching parts for variety JR5(1.2 cm),and the highest branches for variety 14T×38(15.9 cm).The second significant difference was in yield and secondary branching number,with variation coefficients of 26.69%and 24.89%,respectively.The yield of variety 14T×38 was the highest,and that of the 20SY-13 was the lowest.The varieties with the largest and smallest number of secondary branches were 20SY-13 and Tianyou 142,respectively.The correlation between rapeseed yield and a number of primary branches and the main inflorescence pod number were very significantly positive(P<0.01),plant height was significantly positive correlated with branch height,length of main inflorescence and the number of main inflorescence pod,and a number of primary branches and the main inflorescence pod number was significantly positive correlated(P<0.05),while secondary branch number was very significantly negative correlation with the main inflorescence pod number.When the Euclidean distance was 5,16 varieties can be grouped into 5 categories.The higher yield could be obtained while cultivars with higher plant height,more primary branches and pods in the main inflorescence,less secondary branches and normal overwintering were selected for planting in the local area.The safely overwintering should be considered if 20SY-13 is planted in autumn in this area.