藻类中添加剂的应用研究进展

藻类富含多种营养元素和活性物质,具有重要的经济价值和广阔的应用前景。现阶段藻类培养多采用露天跑道池,成本低,但易受环境影响。不适宜的环境条件(温度、酸性、重金属、紫外、盐度和光强胁迫等)会造成藻类生产成本上升、产品产量及品质下降等后果,严重制约藻类养殖业及相关产业的发展。添加剂不仅能有效促进藻类生长,还能缓解环境胁迫对其带来的逆境伤害。将近年来添加剂在藻类生长及抗逆方面的应用进行系统汇总,并对已阐明的几种添加剂的作用机理进行分析整理。添加剂在藻类中的应用研究大多停留在生长及生理指标的测定,如藻细胞密度、光系统活性、渗透调节物质含量、脂质含量、过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶活力等,仅有少部分研究是利用分子技术测定防御基因的表达情况,尝试进一步探究藻类抗逆性分子机制。旨在为研究者进一步明确常用添加剂在藻类中的信号传导机制及改善非生物胁迫造成的产品产量及品质的问题提供理论依据,具有重要现实意义。

Research Advance on the Application of Additives in Algae

Rich in various nutrients and active substances,algae have important economic value and application prospects. Nowadays,open runway pool is often used in algal cultivation,the cost of which is low,but easily affected by environmental conditions. Inappropriate environmental conditions(temperature,acidity,heavy metal,UV,salinity and light stress,etc.)could cause the increase of production cost and the decrease of production output and quality,thus this would severely hinder the development of algal farming and related industries. Additives can not only effectively promote the growth of algae and also alleviate the damage of adverse environmental conditions. In this paper,the application of additives in algae growth and stress resistance in recent years is summarized and the related mechanisms of various additives are sorted and clarified. The results showed that the application of additives in algae was mostly limited to the measurement of growth and physiological indexes,such as the cell density,the photosystem activity,the content of osmotic regulation substance and lipid content,the activity of catalase and nitrate reductase,etc. Only a few studies have extended the expressions of defense genes by molecular technology,trying to further explore the molecular mechanism of algae stress resistance. This paper is expected to provide theoretical basis for researchers to further clarify the signal transduction mechanism of common additives in algae and improve the yield and quality of algal products caused by abiotic stress,which is of great practical significance.