微藻源生物刺激剂的制备及在设施农业中的应用

化肥和农药的过量使用导致的农业面源污染已经成为我国环境污染的重要组成部分,对农业绿色高效安全生产及设施农业带来了巨大挑战。寻找新型的传统化肥替代品、提高化肥使用效率及保护生态环境是亟待解决的重大问题。生物刺激剂是具有调控植物生长作用的成分和(或)微生物的统称,用于农业生产,可改善土壤理化性质与群落微生物,能促进作物的代谢与生长,增强对营养物质的吸收和利用,提升作物抗逆能力及提高作物产量与产品品质。微藻体内具有结构新颖、功能独特的天然活性物质,是制备新型生物刺激剂的理想来源。微藻用于环境治理的同时,可获得足量的微藻生物质来制备生物刺激剂,从而达到治理环境、降低成本及提质增效的目的。就微藻源生物刺激剂的定义及功能、微藻全细胞和天然活性物质生物刺激剂的制备、应用效果及对植物和土壤的作用原理进行综述,以期为微藻源强效生物刺激剂的规模化制备及农业生产应用奠定理论基础和提供生产实践指导。

Preparation of Microalgae-derived Biological Stimulants and Its Application in Protected Agriculture

Agricultural non-point source pollution from the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has become an important part of environmental pollution in China,which brings huge challenges to green,efficient and safe agricultural production as well as protected agriculture.It is urgent to find a new substitute for traditional chemical fertilizers,improve the use efficiency of chemical fertilizers and protect ecological environment.Biological stimulant is a group of components and/or microorganisms regulating plant growth.It can improve physical and chemical properties of soil and community of microorganisms,promote crop metabolism and natural growth,enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients,increase crop resilience,and improve crop yield and product quality while it is used in agriculture.There are amount of natural active substances with novel structure and unique function in microalgae,which is an ideal source for the preparation of novel biological stimulants.While microalgae are used in environmental treatment,a sufficient amount of microalgae biomass can be obtained to prepare biological stimulants,so as the purpose of managing the environment,reducing costs,improving quality and increasing efficiency is achieved.In this paper,we summarized the research progresses on the definition,function of microalgae sourced biological stimulants(MSBS),preparation of biological stimulant with microalgae whole cells and natural active substances,and their application effects and action mechanisms of them on plant and soil,aiming at providing the theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the large-scale preparation and application of MSBS in agricultural production.