Phenotypic integration of morphology and energetic performance under routine capacities: a study in the leaf-eared mouse Phyllotis darwini |
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Authors: | Leonardo D Bacigalupe Diego M Bustamante Francisco Bozinovic Roberto F Nespolo |
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Institution: | 1. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile 2. Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, CP 6513677, Chile
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Abstract: | A major goal of evolutionary physiology is to understand the intrinsic and the extrinsic factors that impose limitations on
an animal’s energy budget. Although natural selection acts upon organismal traits such as performance (e.g., burst, sustained
metabolic rates), from a mechanistic perspective, organismal performance results from the integrated functioning of different
levels of biological organization. Hence, a better understanding of whole-animal performance must necessarily incorporate
an explicit analysis of the integration between those different levels. Although this topic has been under intense scrutiny,
overall there have been very few consistent patterns. Here, we explore the phenotypic integration between organ masses and
the overall energy budget under routine capacities by statistically decomposing the covariance matrix (using path analysis
and canonical correlation analysis) between organ masses and thermoregulatory burst and sustained metabolisms in cold acclimated
individuals of Phyllotis darwini. Our results suggest that (a) central organs associated with the processing of food (cecum and liver), residuals (kidneys)
and pumping of O2 (heart) are tightly integrated to sustained expenditure and between themselves; (b) with the exception of the heart, central
energy supplying organs are weakly related to burst expenditures; (c) sustained and burst metabolisms refer to complete different
strategies and (d) basal metabolic rate is not related to any of the physiological or morphological traits considered in this
study. Overall, our results support the hypothesis of an economic phenotype: animals maintain their excess capacities to face
those critical extreme events, but their physiology and internal morphology are tightly integrated to function under routine
needs. |
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