Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications |
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Authors: | Rastegar Farbod Shenaq Deana Huang Jiayi Zhang Wenli Zhang Bing-Qiang He Bai-Cheng Chen Liang Zuo Guo-Wei Luo Qing Shi Qiong Wagner Eric R Huang Enyi Gao Yanhong Gao Jian-Li Kim Stephanie H Zhou Jian-Zhong Bi Yang Su Yuxi Zhu Gaohui Luo Jinyong Luo Xiaoji Qin Jiaqiang Reid Russell R Luu Hue H Haydon Rex C Deng Zhong-Liang He Tong-Chuan |
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Institution: | Farbod Rastegar, Deana Shenaq, Jiayi Huang, Wenli Zhang, Bing-Qiang Zhang, Bai-Cheng He, Liang Chen, Guo-Wei Zuo, Qing Luo, Qiong Shi, Eric R Wagner, Enyi Huang, Yanhong Gao, Jian-Li Gao, Stephanie H Kim, Jian-Zhong Zhou, Yang Bi, Yuxi Su, Gaohui Zhu, Jinyong Luo, Xiaoji Luo, Jiaqiang Qin, Russell R Reid, Hue H Luu, Rex C Haydon, Zhong-Liang Deng, Tong-Chuan He, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States. |
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Abstract: | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, although recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, including neuronal and cardiomyogenic lineages. Since their original isolation from the bone marrow, MSCs have been successfully harvested from many other tissues. Their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion combined with their immunoprivileged nature has made these cells popular candidates for stem cell therapies. These cells have the potential to alter disease pathophysiology through many modalities including cytokine secretion, capacity to differentiate along various lineages, immune modulation and direct cell-cell interaction with diseased tissue. Here we first review basic features of MSC biology including MSC characteristics in culture, homing mechanisms, differentiation capabilities and immune modulation. We then highlight some in vivo and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic roles of MSCs and their uses in orthopedic, autoimmune, and ischemic disorders. |
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Keywords: | Mesenchymal stem cells Bone marrow stem cell Mesenchymal stromal cell Autoimmune disease Cell-based therapy Autologous transplant Therapeutic application |
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