Metformin promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing and increases the production of human β-defensins in lung epithelial cells and macrophages |
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| Institution: | 1. Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico;2. Faculty of Chemistry, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Mexico;1. Department of Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China;2. Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China;3. National Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China;4. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China;5. National Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Guangdong Center for Tuberculosis Control, Guangzhou, 510430, China;6. Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 92618, USA;7. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA;1. Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai. Affiliated to University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai, India;2. Director in Charge, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India;3. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India;1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia;2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia;1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Indonesia;2. Ph.D. Scholar, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Indonesia |
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| Abstract: | Diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of developing tuberculosis. The reasons related to the increased susceptibility to develop TB in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals, has not been completely elucidated. However, this susceptibility has been attributed to several factors including failures and misfunctioning of the immune system. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of anti-hyperglycemic drugs such as glyburide, insulin, and metformin to promote the killing of mycobacteria through the regulation of innate immune molecules such as host defense peptides (HDP) in lung epithelial cells and macrophages. Our results showed that metformin reduces bacillary loads in macrophages and lung epithelial cells which correlates with higher production of β-defensin-2, -3 and -4. Since β-defensins are crucial molecules for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, the present results suggest that the use of metformin would be the first choice in the treatment for T2DM2, in patients within tuberculosis-endemic areas. |
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| Keywords: | Tuberculosis Diabetes Metformin Defensins Host defense peptides Antimicrobial peptides |
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