不同麻醉方法对大鼠血气电解质及能量代谢的影响

目的探讨不同麻醉方法和不同麻醉药物对大鼠血气、电解质及能量代谢的影响。方法采用异氟烷、乙醚吸入麻醉，戊巴比妥钠、水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉，经腹主静脉取血，经血气一电解质分析仪全自动分析测定，观察不同麻醉方法和麻醉药物对大鼠血气、电解质及能量代谢的影响。结果异氟烷吸人麻醉组Na’离子浓度略低于戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射组（P〈0．05）；戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射组Ca2离子浓度显著低于其他三组（P〈0．01）；吸入麻醉组的Mg2离子浓度显著高于药物腹腔注射麻醉组（P〈O．05，P〈0．01）；水合氯醛腹腔注射组Lac含量显著高于乙醚和戊巴比妥钠麻醉组（P〈0．01）；吸人类麻醉药能较好的维持较高的PO2、SO2、O2Ct和A（肺泡气中氧分压），而BE-ECF、BE-B、PCO2、HC03-和TCO2降低，表明不同麻醉药均有不能程度的引起大鼠静脉血血气、电解质及能量代谢产物的改变。结论不同麻醉药物均有不同程度的引起大鼠静脉血血气、电解质及能量代谢产物的改变，异氟烷和乙醚对动物机体心血管、神经系统具有一定的保护作用，机体损害较少，而戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射对动物机体心血管、神经系统具有一定的抑制作用，机体损害较大。因此，在使用麻醉药时应合理选用和控制，避免由于麻醉引起实验误差。

Effect of Different Anesthetic Techniques on Blood Gas, Electrolytes and Energy Metabolism in Rats

Objective To study the effect of different anesthetic techniques and anesthetics on blood gas, electrolytes and energy metabolism in rats. Methods Rats were anesthetized by isoflurane, ether, pentobarbital and hydral, respectively. Blood samples from the abdominal vein were obtained, and then the indexes of blood gas, electrolytes and energy metabolism were determined by a blood gas-electrolyte analyzer. Results The Na concentration in the isofluranee group was slightly lower than that of the pentobarbital group （ P 〈 0.05）, while Ca2 ＋ concentration in the pentobarbital group was significantly higher than that of other three groups （P 〈 0.01 ）, and Mg2＋ concentration in the inhalation anesthesia group was much higher than that in the peritoneal injection anesthesia groups （ P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. The content of lactic acid in the hydral group was higher than that in the ether and pentobarbital groups （ P 〈 0.01 ） . The index of PO2 , SO2 , O2 ct and A in the group of inhaled anesthetics can be maintained at a higher level, while BE-ECF, BE-B, HCO3- and TCO2 can be maintained at a lower level （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion All the blood gas, electrolytes and energy metabolism have changes induced by different anesthetics. Isoflurane and ether anesthesia have less harmful effect on cardiovascular and nervous systems of animals than pentobarbital. Properly selected and controlled anesthetic technique and anesthetics should be used to avoided experimental error induced by anesthesia during animal experimental studies.