Thematic Review Series: Lysophospholipids and their Receptors: Diversity and function of membrane glycerophospholipids generated by the remodeling pathway in mammalian cells |
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| Authors: | Daisuke Hishikawa Tomomi Hashidate Takao Shimizu Hideo Shindou |
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| Institution: | *Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;†Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;§Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Cellular membranes are composed of numerous kinds of glycerophospholipids with different combinations of polar heads at the sn-3 position and acyl moieties at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. The glycerophospholipid compositions of different cell types, organelles, and inner/outer plasma membrane leaflets are quite diverse. The acyl moieties of glycerophospholipids synthesized in the de novo pathway are subsequently remodeled by the action of phospholipases and lysophospholipid acyltransferases. This remodeling cycle contributes to the generation of membrane glycerophospholipid diversity and the production of lipid mediators such as fatty acid derivatives and lysophospholipids. Furthermore, specific glycerophospholipid transporters are also important to organize a unique glycerophospholipid composition in each organelle. Recent progress in this field contributes to understanding how and why membrane glycerophospholipid diversity is organized and maintained. |
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| Keywords: | lysophospholipid acyltransferase membrane biology phospholipid metabolism |
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