不同改良措施对松嫩平原重度盐碱地土壤结构与元素组成、杨树叶片光合及生长状况影响差异研究

重度盐碱地改良的长期效果尚存在争议,本研究在松嫩平原开展不同方式的杨树人工林栽植以实现土壤改良的目的,并对土壤内环境、杨树光合过程以及生长状别予以系统性研究。结果表明,重度盐碱地土壤结构内部结构分布更加均匀,疏松、垒结、空隙度、通气、透水能力、比表面积均得到改善;土壤中C和Fe元素含量平均分别增加29.7%、13.9%,Na元素含量平均减少82.4%,因此土壤胶粒凝聚土壤肥力增强,土壤盐碱化减缓;杨树光合速率、呼吸速率、高度、胸径、分枝数、分枝长、冠幅直径的增长率分别为328%~381%、98%~153%、23.8%、35.3%、160%、100%、73.5%,丘式“一”字沟改良后的根系生长最佳。该研究为松嫩平原退化盐碱地生物改良提供基础数据支持。

Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Soil Structure and Element Composition,Photosynthesis and Growth of Poplar Leaves in Severe Saline-alkali Soils of Songnen Plain

The long-term effect of the improvement of severe saline-alkali soil was still controversial, in this research, in order to improve soil, poplar plantations were planted in different ways in Songnen Plain. The soil environment, photosynthetic process and growth status of poplar were systematically studied. The internal structure of soil structure in severe saline-alkali soil was more uniform, and the looseness, barrier, void, ventilation, permeability and specific surface area were all improved. The elements content of C and Fe in the soil increased by 29.7% and 13.9%, respectively, and the content of Na decreased by 82.4% on average. Therefore, soil colloid cohesion soil fertility was enhanced, and soil salinization was slowed down. The growth rates of photosynthetic rate, respiratory rate, height, DBH, branch number, branch length and crown diameter of poplar were 328%-381%, 98%-153%, 23.8%, 35.3%, 160%, 100%, and 73.5%, and the root growth of the improved Bar foraging ditch was the best. This research has a positive significance for basic data support for biological improvement of degraded saline-alkali soil in Songnen Plain.