中国广义冰岛蓼属果实形态特征

应用扫描电镜对冰岛蓼属（Koenigia L.）8个物种的果实形态与果皮微形态进行了观察。结果表明，这些果实可分为3类：类型Ⅰ：瘦果长卵形至宽卵形，中部或中上部最宽，双凸镜状或3棱状，棱脊有或无；表面粗糙或光滑，具纵向断棱状纹饰，或具波状纹饰，这种类型有冰岛蓼、铜钱叶蓼、青藏蓼、大铜钱叶蓼4种；类型Ⅱ：瘦果卵形，中部膨大，具有3棱脊，但棱脊不显著。这种类型仅小叶蓼1种；类型Ⅲ：瘦果卵形，中间最宽但不膨大，具有3棱脊，且棱脊显著；表面光滑，具多皱纹饰，或凹凸不平纹饰，或具疣状纹饰，这种类型包括细茎蓼，蓝药蓼和柔毛蓼3种。研究结果支持将柔毛蓼与蓝药蓼作独立分种处理、而冰岛蓼与青藏蓼关系很近。

Morphological Characteristics of Fruits of Koenigia(Polygonaceae) from China

Macro-and micro-morphological characteristics of fruits in eight species of the genus Koenigia L.(Polygonaceae) from China were observed under stereoscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Based on the results,the fruits of the studied species are divided into type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.In type Ⅰ:Achene is ovoid to lati-ovoid,intumescently in the middle to up middle,as a double burning glass.Its surface is smooth or rough,favulariately,or undulately.Four species,K.islandica,K.nummularifolium,K.forrestii and K.fertilis are in this type.In type Ⅱ:Achene is ovoid.Its intumescent in the middle,also have three ridged arrises but not notable.One species,K.delicatula is in this type.In type Ⅲ:Achene is ovoid.Maximum width occurred in middle but non-intumescent.Its have three ridged arrises.Their surface are smooth,rugosely,concave-convexly,or verrucately.This type contained three species,K.nepalensis,K.cyanandra and K.pilosa.According to the morphological characteristics of fruits,K.cyanandra and K.pilosa exist independently;K.islandica might be closely related to K.fertilis.