电子束辐射唐菖蒲球茎对M1叶片的影响初探

为了探讨电子束对唐菖蒲诱变育种的可行性和不同剂量的电子束对叶片的影响；用能量为3MeV的不同剂量电子束辐照唐菖蒲“超级”球茎，对其M1代的叶片进行了研究。 光合作用率，蒸腾速率，细胞间隙CO₂浓度和气孔导度等光合指标在低剂量时变化均不明显，随着剂量的增价，辐照对蒸腾速率和气孔导度起到明显的刺激作用并达到0.05的显著水平；通过对电子束处理后唐菖蒲叶片叶绿素含量的测定表明，叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b比值均发生了变化，并且叶绿素a含量在240Gy处理后达到最大值，且达到了0.05的显著水平；扫描电镜观察发现，高剂量处理的M1代植株表皮毛与气孔结构均发生改变，叶表面组织特征明显排列杂乱不规则。由此表明,电子束辐照对唐菖蒲叶片的形态与生理均能产生明显的影响。

Influence of Leaf Traits in Induced gladiolus "Rose Supreme" by Electron Beam Irradiation

In order to test the feasibility of electron beam induced mutation on Gladiolus and the effects of various doses of electron beam on leaf traits. Electron beam was radiated on the corm of gladiolus “chaoji” with 3MeV energy and the effects of the treatment on M1 generation leaf traits were studied. The effect of electron beam on photosynthetic characteristics were investigated in experiments, and the results obtained from this experiment were as follows: low dose of electron beam had no obvious effects on the photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，Sub-stomatal cavity CO₂ concentration and stomatal conductivity of CO₂ of M1 generation. With the increase of radiation dose, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity of CO₂ was obviously catalyzed and the difference had statistical significance (p<0.05). The effect of electron beam Irradiation on the Chlorophyll content in gladiolus was studied and the result showed chlorophyll content and the ratio of the Chlorophyll a/b of the gladiolus treated were changed. The chlorophyll a content was the highest at 240Gy than others and the difference had statistical significance (p<0.05). Comparing scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the leaf shapes of M1 generation with control and it showed that the structure both trichome and stomata was changed and the surface organize characteristic of leaf is obviously disorderly arranged. These results show that electron beam induction had influence on morphology and physiology of gladiolus leaf.