盐胁迫对玉米叶片叶肉细胞生物膜超微结构的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫对玉米叶肉细胞生物膜超微结构的影响. 结果表明：NaCl胁迫破坏了玉米叶片叶肉细胞生物膜的正常结构，50 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理胁迫下，玉米叶肉细胞核膜，线粒体膜，细胞膜，叶绿体膜，液泡膜都受到不同程度的破坏，叶绿体基粒类囊体膨胀，间质片层空间增大，片层紊乱。100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理胁迫下，质膜，液泡膜，线粒体，叶绿体都受到严重的破坏。细胞质膜破坏，破损的叶绿体充斥在细胞间隙中；叶绿体外膜破坏，甚至解体消失，叶肉细胞中充满膜结构，基粒排列方向改变，垛叠层数减少，基粒和基质片层界限模糊不清，有的基粒解体消失，甚至叶绿体完全解体；核膜破坏、解体，核中的染色质高度凝缩；线粒体的数量增多，线粒体膜破坏，脊的数量减少，甚至整个线粒体破损解体；液泡膜破坏；由于各种生物膜的破坏，使细胞内充满许多囊状小泡、多泡体或斑层小体；叶肉细胞发生严重的质壁分离，严重时发生细胞壁断裂；甚至整个细胞溶解。

Effect of Salt Stress on the Ultrastructure of Cells Membrane System in Maize

The effects of salt stress on the ultrastructure of cells membrane system were studied under laboratory conditions. The results showed that salt stress destroyed the normal construction of cells membrane system in Maize, the nuclear membrane, mitochondrion membrane, plasma membrane, chloroplast membrane and vacuolar membrane were destroyed at 50 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress. The most conspicuous changes were swelling of the thylakoid membrane and disorganization of grana. At 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress, the nuclear membrane, mitochondrion membrane, plasma membrane, chloroplasts membrane and vacuolar membrane were destroyed seriously. The plasma membranes were destroyed and the cracked chloroplasts congested intercellular spaces. The outer membranes of chloroplasts were destroyed, and even disintegrated. The mesophyll cells were full of membrane structures, the direction of grana aline changed and nappe decreased, the basal granule and matrix had not limits, some basal granule and chloroplasts disintegrated. The nuclear membranes were destroyed and disintegrated, chromosome of nuclear were highly condensed, the quantity of mitochondrion increased, its membrane was destroyed, even wholly mitochondrion was disjointed. The vacuolar membrane was destroyed. Because some biomembrane system were destroyed, the cells were full of vesicles. The mesophyll cells arises plasmolysis, even cell wall ruptured and wholly cell moltened.