川明参果实发育过程中解剖结构的变化

对伞形科(Apiaceae)中国特有单型属种类川明参（Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan）幼果发育阶段（包含幼果期Ⅰ、幼果期Ⅱ和幼果期Ⅲ）、中果发育阶段（包含中果期Ⅰ、中果期Ⅱ和中果期Ⅲ）和熟果发育阶段（包含熟果期Ⅰ、熟果期Ⅱ和熟果期Ⅲ）果实横切面的解剖结构进行了比较观察。观察结果表明，川明参果实在果壁细胞层数和形态、果棱和维管束、油管、胚乳以及分生果横切面大小和形状等特征均有明显的变化。川明参分生果果壁由厚变薄且外果壁、中果壁细胞形态发生变化，内果壁细胞消失；果实中油管分布在果实的背面、侧面和合生面，油管不断向外扩大，在成熟果实中油管往往皱缩。川明参果实中胚乳逐渐增大，从近球形变化为桃形、肾形直至月牙形，背部呈山丘状隆起；分生果横切面的形状由近五边状圆形变化至梭形，背腹极度压扁。通过对果实发育形态解剖观察发现，果实发育前期，果形的变化主要依靠维管束的发育，从而造成果棱的改变，来改变果实外部结构。到了熟果期，胚乳显现，形体变大，它的形状变化开始改变分生果的外部形态，并且影响较为显著。

Observation of Cremocarp Development of Chuanminshen violaceum(Apiaceae)

The anatomical structures of cremocarp in young fruit phase(young fruit stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ), middle fruit phase (middle fruit stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) and mature fruit phase (mature fruit stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan, a species of endemic monotypic genus of Apiaceae in China, were observed. The observation results of anatomical structures show that, the anatomical structures of fruit transaction are variant. Some structure characteristics, such as fruit wall layer and its cell morphology, fruit rib and vascular bundle, vitta, shape of endosperm, shape and size of mericarp transaction change obviously. In the whole development process, fruit wall changes from thick to thin, and cell layers decease gradually. Vittas distribute in the dorsal, marginal and commissure structure, and increase outside gradually. Endosperm enlarges gradually, and its shape changes from circle to peach-shaped, kidney-shaped and crescent at last. Shape of mericarp transaction changes from sub-pentagonous round to shuttle-shaped round. Moreover, the observation finds that the shape of fruit rely on development of vascular in the early stage, then rely on the shape and size of endosperm in later stage.