布雷菲德菌素A对蕨类植物卵发育的影响

以蕨类模式植物水蕨（Ceratopteris thalictroides L. Brongn.）为供试材料，设置不同质量浓度布雷菲德菌素A（BFA）分别处理10、20、30 h，采用光学显微镜和电镜对其树脂切片进行了观察；在此基础上，进行高碘-酸锡夫反应（PAS）和苏丹黑B反应。结果显示：对照组（未经BFA处理）发育卵中期的水蕨卵细胞较大，核仁呈圆形，细胞内高尔基体、内质网等细胞器完整；卵细胞和腹沟细胞间的受精孔清晰可见，二者间的分离腔内仅有极少量的泡状分泌物；卵膜较厚，有明显的层次。而处理组卵细胞的受精孔和卵膜不典型，由数量较多、大小不一的囊泡组成；受精孔下方有较多的线粒体和少量的高尔基体分布；高尔基体、内质网等膜性细胞器已断裂；细胞核上方和卵膜下方均分布着大量的嗜锇性囊泡，分离腔中充满了絮状物质。组织定位显示：对照组的分离腔较空，而处理组分离腔内充满着多糖类物质。综上所述，BFA会对卵细胞中的内质网和高尔基体等膜性细胞器造成破坏，影响分泌系统的正常功能，进而影响卵膜及受精孔的形成。本研究结果为进一步探索受精孔形成的机制以及蕨类植物生殖生物学的研究奠定了基础。

Effect of Brefeldin A on the Development of Fern Eggs

Ceratopteris thalictroides L. Brongn. was treated with different concentrations of brefeldin A（BFA） for 10， 20， 30 h， respectively and the resin sections were observed by optical microscope and electron microscope. On this basis， the periodic acid schiff reaction（PAS） and Sudan black B reaction were carried out. The results showed that in the control， the egg of C. thalictroides in the middle stage of development was larger， the nucleolus was round， and the organelles such as Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum were complete. The fertilization pore between egg and ventral canal cell was clearly visible and there was only a small amount of vesicular secretion in separation cavity between them. Egg membrane was thick with distinct layers. However， under the treatments， the fertilization pore and egg membrane were not typical， which were composed of a large number of vesicles with different sizes. There were more mitochondria and a few Golgi body under fertilization pore； membrane organelles such as Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum， etc. were broken. A large number of osmiophilic vesicles were distributed above nucleus and below egg membrane and the separation cavity was filled with flocculent substances. Tissue localization showed that separation cavity of the control was empty， while those of treatments were full of polysaccharides. In conclusion， BFA could damage membrane organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body， etc.， affected the normal function of secretory system first and then the formation of egg membrane and fertilization pore. The results of this study lay a foundation for further study on the mechanism of fertilization pore formation and the reproductive biology of ferns.