由细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）配制的小麦F1杂种优势形成机理的比较蛋白质组分析

分别以苗期（分蘖）、拔节期、抽穗期叶片和花粉母细胞减数分裂期、小孢子双—三核期、花粉粒时期的花药为材料，对由小麦CMS与恢复系杂交F1杂种优势形成机理作了比较蛋白质组分析。结果表明，F1杂种中有超亲、亲二型和低亲三种蛋白质表达类型出现，出现频率为亲二型＞低亲＞超亲。对这三种类型共17个蛋白质斑点作了质谱分析，其功能涉及DNA和蛋白质合成、能量代谢、环境防御，基因转座及光合作用等。苗期生长特性如叶鲜重、叶干重、叶片数，F1杂种倾向于双亲，没有观察到杂种优势现象，这与F1叶片中蛋白质表达多数呈亲二型相吻合。但F1中分蘖数多于双亲，因此其总鲜重、干重、总叶片数明显呈现出杂种优势，然而这种杂种优势现象与蛋白质组的变化是否有关需进一步研究。

Comparative Proteome Analysis of Heterosis in Wheat F1-hybird Bred Through Hybridization of CMS with Restoring Line

In this study, by using the leaves of seedling stage (tillering stage), shooting stage, booting stage and anthers of PMC meiotic stage, microspore 2-3 nuclei stage, pollen grain as experimental materials, proteome approaches were applied to a comparative analysis of heterosis in wheat F1-hybrid which was bred through hybridization of CMS with restoring line. The results indicated that three types of protein expression levels, super-parents type, parent di-type, low-parents type, were observed among F1-hybrid and parents. The frequence of protein expression was showed as parent di-type>low-parents type>super-parents type. A total of 80 protein spots were detected in F1-hybrid and parents, 17 protein spots have been identified by MALDI-YOF MS. These protein spots were involved in diverse biological processes, including DNA and protein synthesis, energy metabolism, stress response, gene transposition and photosynthesis. In the F1-hybrid, at seedling stage, leaf aerial traits such as leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW) and leaf number, show a tendency to its parental lines when compared to parent, these results were consistent to proteome analysis results which showed most of protein spots expression in F1-hybrid exhibiting parent di-type. However, LFW, LDW, and total leaf number exhibited obviously heterosis because of tillering number (TN) increasing in F1-hybrid, it is necessary to further study the relationship between the heterosis and proteome change.