孑遗濒危植物矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组特征分析及亲缘关系鉴定

对第三纪孑遗濒危植物矮扁桃（Amygdalus nana）叶绿体全基因组进行结构特征分析，并探究其与近缘物种之间的系统进化关系。利用Illumina HiSeq Xten测序技术获取叶绿体全基因组序列，对其进行组装、注释和特征分析。结果表明：①矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组总长度为158 596 bp，其中LSC长度为86 771 bp，SSC长度为19 037 bp，2个IRs均为26 394 bp，为环状四分体结构。共注释130个基因，包括85个PCGs、37个tRNA和8个rRNA。②对6种植物进行IR边界区扩张和收缩分析，发现在4个边界区的基因类型和基因分布情况存在一定差异，并且亲缘关系越紧密差异程度越小。③在矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组中共预测了71个SSRs位点。④系统发育分析结果显示，在扁桃亚属中，矮扁桃在亲缘关系上与蒙古扁桃更近，而与长柄扁桃和榆叶梅的亲缘关系稍远。本研究对矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组进行了深度剖析，并且涉及大量被子植物的叶绿体全基因组资料，为桃属植物之间的进化关系和植物鉴定提供参考依据。

Chloroplast Genome Characterization and Identification of Genetic Relationship of Relict Endangered Plant Amygdalus nana

The chloroplast genome of Amygdalus nana in the Tertiary Period endangered plant was analyzed for structural characteristics, and its phylogenetic relationship with related species was explored. Getting the chloroplast genome through the Illumina HiSeq Xten for which to assemble, annotate and make feature analysis. The results show:①The chloroplast genome of A.nana is a circular tetrad structure with a total length of 158 596 bp, of which the length of LSC is 86 771 bp, the length of SSC is 19 037 bp, and both IRs are 26 394 bp. A total of 130 genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome of A.nana, including 85 PCGs, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA. ②The expansion and contraction of IR boundary regions of 6 plants were analyzed, and there were some differences between the gene types and distribution in 4 boundary regions, and the closer the relationship was, the smaller the difference was. ③The 71 SSRs loci were predicted in the chloroplast genome of A.nana. ④By phylogenetic analysis, in the Subgen. Amygdalus, A.nana is closer to A.mongolica in phylogenetic relationship, but slightly farther from A.triloba and A.pedunculata. A large number of chloroplast genomes of angiosperms were involved, and the chloroplast genomes of A.nana were deeply analyzed to provide reference data for the evolutionary relationship and plant identification of Amygdalus L.