东北林下早春植物开花的生理特征研究

为了探索早春开花植物在低温下的开花机制，本研究采集了5种典型早春开花植物和5种非早春开花植物。基于高效液相色谱-质谱代谢组学技术对比分析了早春时期两者之间在内源激素和次生代谢产物上的差异。结果显示：早春开花植物中的生长素（IAA）和玉米素（ZT）含量明显低于非早春开花植物，而赤霉素（GA₃）和脱落酸（ABA）的含量则显著高于非早春开花植物，表明GA₃和ABA可能在促进早春开花植物的开花过程具有调控作用；在次生代谢物方面，酚类代谢物的前体物质L-苯丙氨酸，C6C1结构的酚类化合物：香草酸、丁香酸和原儿茶酸，C6C3结构的化合物：阿魏酸、绿原酸和咖啡酸，以及黄酮类化合物芹菜素、染料木苷、橙皮素、白杨素和高良姜素在非早春开花植物中的含量普遍高于早春开花植物。这可能是由于早春开花植物的开花过程伴随着更多的能量消耗，从而降低了其次生代谢水平。研究结果表明了内源植物激素和次生代谢产物对早春开花植物开花的生理过程的调控，并为进一步理解低温条件下植物开花过程奠定了基础。

Physiological Characteristics of Early Spring Flowering Plants under Northeast Forest

In order to explore the flowering strategies of early spring flowering plants at low temperatures， five early spring flowering plants and five non-early spring flowering plants were collected，and the endogenous hormones and secondary metabolites between early spring flowering plants and non-early spring flowering plants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metabolomics. The results showed that the content of auxin（IAA） and zeatin（ZT） in early spring flowering plants were significantly lower than that in non-early spring flowering plants， while gibberellin（GA₃） and abscisic acid（ABA） were significantly higher than that in non-early spring flowering plants， indicated that GA₃ and ABA might play a regulatory role in promoting the flowering process of early spring plants. In the secondary metabolites， L-phenylalanine， the precursor of phenolic metabolites， was usually higher in non-early spring flowering plants than in early spring flowering plants. In addition， there were C6C1 phenolic compounds， including vanillic acid， syringic acid and protocatechuic acid； C6C3 phenolic compounds， including ferulic acid， chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid； Flavonoids， including apigenin， genistein， hesperidin， chrysin and galangin， were generally higher in non-early spring flowering plants than in early spring flowering plants. The changes of these secondary metabolites might be due to a large amount of material loss caused by the flowering process of flowering plants in early spring， which reduced the level of secondary metabolism. The results showed that endogenous plant hormones and secondary metabolites regulated the physiological process of flowering plants in early spring， and laid a foundation for further understanding the flowering process of plants under low temperatures.