植物感受盐胁迫及相关钙信号的研究进展

盐胁迫对植物的生长和发育造成严重影响，其危害包括渗透胁迫、离子毒害等，严重损害了农业生产和粮食安全。在盐胁迫下，植物相关感受器接受刺激，使得Ca²⁺通过细胞膜以及细胞内钙库膜上打开的Ca²⁺通道进入细胞质基质，导致细胞质内Ca²⁺浓度升高，产生钙信号。钙离子作为重要的第二信使，在植物细胞内和细胞间传递信号，信号往下游传递，在不同生长和发育阶段引起植物一系列的生理响应来应对盐胁迫影响。钙信号主要通过钙调蛋白（CaM）、钙调素样蛋白（CML）、钙依赖性蛋白激酶（CDPK）、钙调磷酸酶B样蛋白（CBL）和CBL互作蛋白激酶（CIPK）感知并将特异的钙信号信息传递到下游；从而激活植物盐胁迫生理响应。本文主要综述植物如何感知盐胁迫刺激，以及钙信号产生与传导机制，并对该研究领域需解决的问题进行了展望。

Recent Advances on Salt Stress Sensitivity and Related Calcium Signals in Plants

Salt stress had a critical impact on plant growth and development， including osmotic stress and ion toxicity， which seriously damaged agricultural production and food security. Under salt stress， plant related receptors were stimulated to send Ca²⁺ enter the cytoplasmic matrix through the Ca²⁺ channels opened on the cell membrane and intracellular calcium storage membrane， resulting in the increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration and calcium signal. Ca²⁺， as an important second messenger， transmited signals within and between plant cells， downstream， and caused a series of physiological responses to salt stress at different growth and development stages. Calcium signals mainly included calmodulin（CaM）， calmodulin like protein（CML）， calcium dependent protein kinase（CDPK） and calcineurin B-like protein（CBL） and CBL interacting protein kinase（CIPK）， and sensed and transmited specific calcium signal information to the downstream， and activated plant physiological response to salt stress. This paper reviewed how plants perceived salt stress stimulation and the mechanism of calcium signal regulation， and looked forward to the problems should be solved in this research field.